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A presente dissertação para a obtenção do grau de mestre em Ciências Farmacêuticas
encontra-se dividida em três capítulos. O primeiro capítulo é referente à componente de
investigação, o segundo corresponde ao relatório de estágio curricular em farmácia
comunitária e o terceiro e último capítulo, corresponde ao relatório de estágio curricular
em farmácia hospitalar.
O capítulo I é constituído por uma revisão bibliográfica do tipo scoping review, sobre o
impacto das medidas de evicção de alergénios no controlo e na gestão da Rinite Alérgica
(RA). As medidas de evicção de alergénios/ controlo ambiental, são recomendadas como
parte do tratamento para o controlo de sintomas da RA, fazendo parte de muitas das
orientações para a gestão da RA. Os principais objetivos do tratamento são a manutenção
da função normal das vias aéreas superiores e a melhoria da qualidade de vida (QV). Isto
pode ser obtido através da prevenção da resposta inflamatória induzida pelos alergénios.
Embora estas medidas possam ter um impacto significativo na gestão da RA, há pouca
informação sobre as diferentes medidas e a sua aplicabilidade, se são válidas do ponto de
vista científico e, mais importante, se podem ser benéficas. O objetivo desta revisão foi
identificar as medidas de evicção de alergénios e avaliar a sua eficácia. Foi efetuada uma
pesquisa bibliográfica nas bases de dados PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of
Controlled Trials e Web of Science, desde o início do registo das bases de dados até 31 de
maio de 2022. Dezoito estudos satisfizeram os critérios de elegibilidade e foram incluídos
para análise. Com exceção de três estudos, os restantes mostraram reduções nas
pontuações gerais das escalas de sintomas de RA, melhoria na QV e/ou redução no uso
de medicação. No entanto, devido ao baixo número de participantes e às limitações no
desenho dos estudos, não é possível estabelecer conclusões definitivas. Além disso a
evicção dos alergénios pode ser uma medida de implementação muito difícil ou
praticamente impossível em alguns contextos. Para diminuir a incidência dos sintomas,
devem ser combinadas várias abordagens incluindo tratamento farmacológico,
prevenção e erradicação dos alergénios do ambiente.
O capítulo II descreve a minha experiência durante o estágio curricular em Farmácia
Comunitária, na Farmácia Vitória (FV) localizada na cidade do Fundão, entre 7 de
fevereiro e 29 de abril de 2022, sob a orientação da Dr.ª Alcina Leal. Nele são descritos
vários processos fundamentais realizados na farmácia, desde o trabalho em BackOffice
como a gestão e receção de encomendas, marcação de preços, armazenamento, receituário, entre outros, à dispensa e aconselhamento de medicação e produtos de
saúde, prestação de serviços realizados pela farmácia como a medição da pressão arterial
e ainda preparação de manipulados. Esta experiência possibilitou o desenvolvimento do
meu conhecimento aplicado em termos práticos, nomeadamente devido ao contacto
direto com os utentes.
O capítulo III refere-se à minha experiência durante o estágio curricular em Farmácia
Hospitalar, que decorreu entre 2 de maio a 17 de junho de 2022, no Hospital Sousa
Martins - Guarda, sob orientação do Dr. Jorge Aperta. Este capítulo refere a organização
e estrutura dos serviços farmacêuticos, as diversas funções desempenhadas nos mesmos
tais como a seleção e aquisição de medicamentos, armazenamento, os vários tipos de
distribuição, a preparação de medicamentos citotóxicos, farmacocinética, entre outras, e
ainda a participação do farmacêutico em comissões técnicas e nos ensaios clínicos.
Durante este período, foi-me possível adquirir, conhecimento dos processos desta
realidade profissional e do papel fundamental do farmacêutico.
This dissertation for obtaining a Master's degree in Pharmaceutical Sciences is divided into three chapters. The first chapter refers to the research component, the second corresponds to the curricular internship report in community pharmacy, and the third, and last chapter, corresponds to the curricular internship report in hospital pharmacy. Chapter I consists of a bibliographic review of the scoping review type, on the impact of allergen avoidance measures on the control and management of Allergic Rhinitis (AR). Allergen avoidance/environmental control measures are recommended by many international guidelines as an important part of the management of AR. The main goals of AR treatment are to maintain normal upper airway function and improve the patient’s quality of life (QoL). This can be achieved by preventing the inflammatory response induced by the allergens. Although these measures can have a significant impact on the management of AR, there is little information about the different types of measures and their applicability, whether they are scientifically valid, and, more importantly, whether they can be beneficial. The objective of this review was to identify allergen avoidance measures and assess their effectiveness. A bibliographic search was carried out in the PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Web of Science databases, from the inception of the databases until May 31, 2022. Eighteen studies met the eligibility criteria and were included for analysis. Except for three studies, the remainder showed reductions in overall AR symptom scores, improvements in QoL, and/or reductions in medication use. However, due to the low number of participants and limitations in study designs, it is not possible to establish definitive conclusions. In addition, allergen avoidance can be a very difficult or practically impossible measure to implement in some contexts. To decrease the incidence of symptoms, several approaches should be combined including pharmacological treatment, prevention, and eradication of allergens from the environment. Chapter II describes my experience during the curricular internship in Community Pharmacy, at Farmácia Vitória located in the city of Fundão, between February 7th and April 29th, 2022, under the guidance of Dr.ª Alcina Leal. It describes several fundamental processes carried out in the pharmacy, from BackOffice work such as managing and receiving orders, marking prices, storage, and prescriptions, among others, to dispensing and counseling of medication and health products, provision of services performed by the pharmacy such as blood pressure measurement and even preparation of manipulated products. This experience enabled the development of my knowledge in practical terms, namely due to the direct contact with patients. Chapter III refers to my experience during the curricular internship in Hospital Pharmacy, which took place between May 2nd and June 17th, 2022, at Hospital Sousa Martins, under the guidance of Dr. Jorge Aperta. This chapter refers to the organization and structure of the pharmaceutical services, the different functions performed in them, such as the selection and acquisition of medication, storage, the various types of distribution, the preparation of cytotoxic medication, clinical pharmacokinetics, among others, and also the participation of the pharmacist in technical committees and clinical trials. During this period, I could acquire information about the different processes of this professional reality and the fundamental role of the pharmacist.
This dissertation for obtaining a Master's degree in Pharmaceutical Sciences is divided into three chapters. The first chapter refers to the research component, the second corresponds to the curricular internship report in community pharmacy, and the third, and last chapter, corresponds to the curricular internship report in hospital pharmacy. Chapter I consists of a bibliographic review of the scoping review type, on the impact of allergen avoidance measures on the control and management of Allergic Rhinitis (AR). Allergen avoidance/environmental control measures are recommended by many international guidelines as an important part of the management of AR. The main goals of AR treatment are to maintain normal upper airway function and improve the patient’s quality of life (QoL). This can be achieved by preventing the inflammatory response induced by the allergens. Although these measures can have a significant impact on the management of AR, there is little information about the different types of measures and their applicability, whether they are scientifically valid, and, more importantly, whether they can be beneficial. The objective of this review was to identify allergen avoidance measures and assess their effectiveness. A bibliographic search was carried out in the PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Web of Science databases, from the inception of the databases until May 31, 2022. Eighteen studies met the eligibility criteria and were included for analysis. Except for three studies, the remainder showed reductions in overall AR symptom scores, improvements in QoL, and/or reductions in medication use. However, due to the low number of participants and limitations in study designs, it is not possible to establish definitive conclusions. In addition, allergen avoidance can be a very difficult or practically impossible measure to implement in some contexts. To decrease the incidence of symptoms, several approaches should be combined including pharmacological treatment, prevention, and eradication of allergens from the environment. Chapter II describes my experience during the curricular internship in Community Pharmacy, at Farmácia Vitória located in the city of Fundão, between February 7th and April 29th, 2022, under the guidance of Dr.ª Alcina Leal. It describes several fundamental processes carried out in the pharmacy, from BackOffice work such as managing and receiving orders, marking prices, storage, and prescriptions, among others, to dispensing and counseling of medication and health products, provision of services performed by the pharmacy such as blood pressure measurement and even preparation of manipulated products. This experience enabled the development of my knowledge in practical terms, namely due to the direct contact with patients. Chapter III refers to my experience during the curricular internship in Hospital Pharmacy, which took place between May 2nd and June 17th, 2022, at Hospital Sousa Martins, under the guidance of Dr. Jorge Aperta. This chapter refers to the organization and structure of the pharmaceutical services, the different functions performed in them, such as the selection and acquisition of medication, storage, the various types of distribution, the preparation of cytotoxic medication, clinical pharmacokinetics, among others, and also the participation of the pharmacist in technical committees and clinical trials. During this period, I could acquire information about the different processes of this professional reality and the fundamental role of the pharmacist.
Description
Keywords
Gestão Evicção de Alergénios Farmacêutico Farmácia Comunitária Farmácia Hospitalar Qualidade de Vida Rinite Alérgica