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Abstract(s)
Introdução: A Contraceção de Emergência (CE) ou contraceção pós-coital reduz
o risco de gravidez após uma relação sexual não protegida, ou não adequadamente
protegida, e em situações de crime sexual contra a autodeterminação da mulher,
pelo que deve estar presente no aconselhamento da saúde reprodutiva, permitindo
uma vida sexual ativa e segura.
Objetivos: Esta dissertação tem como foco principal reunir a evidência científica
existente na atualidade sobre a eficácia da contraceção de emergência, quanto aos
métodos hormonais, métodos não hormonais e situações particulares de
mulheres obesas, com risco de tromboembolismo, a efetuar outras medicações,
com antecedentes de cancro da mama e vítimas de abuso sexual.
Metodologia: A presente monografia foi desenvolvida com base numa pesquisa
bibliográfica realizada entre os meses de setembro de 2022 a abril de 2023 nas
plataformas PubMed, ScienceDirect (Elsevier) e RCAAP.
Resultados e Conclusões: A utilização e recurso aos métodos contracetivos de
emergência tem vindo a aumentar, no entanto, o mito dos possíveis malefícios da
contraceção ainda continua muito presente na população. De acordo com a
evidência científica mais recente, o DIU-Cu é o método contracetivo de
emergência mais eficaz, seguindo-se o contracetivo oral com acetato de ulipristal
e por último o contracetivo oral com levonorgestrel. Em determinados casos
particulares como obesidade, tromboembolismo, medicações concomitantes,
cancro da mama e abuso sexual, os contracetivos de emergência hormonais podem
estar sujeitos a interações que diminuam a sua eficácia, sendo necessário
considerar uma abordagem não hormonal.
Introduction: Emergency Contraception (EC) or Post-Coital Contraception reduces the risk of pregnancy after unprotected or inadequately protected sexual intercourse, and in situations of sexual crime against the woman’s will, so it should be present in woman’s reproductive health counseling, allowing an active and safe sex life. Objectives: The main objective of this dissertation is to collect existing information on the current scientific evidence on the efficacy of emergency contraception in relation to hormonal methods, non-hormonal methods, and the particular situations of woman who are obese, at risk of thromboembolism, taking other medications, have history of breast cancer, and woman with history of sexual abuse. Methodology: This monograph was developed based on a literature review conducted between September 2022 and March 2023 on the platforms PubMed, ScienceDirect (Elsevier) and RCAAP. Results and Conclusions: The use of emergency contraception has been increasing, but the myth of the possible harm of contraception is still very present in the population. According to the most recent scientific evidence, the CopperIUD is the most effective emergency contraceptive method, followed by oral contraception with ulipristal acetate and lastly oral contraception with levonorgestrel. In certain particular cases such as obesity, thromboembolism, concomitant medications, breast cancer, and sexual abuse, hormonal emergency contraceptives may subject to interactions that decrease their effectiveness, and a non-hormonal approach should be considered.
Introduction: Emergency Contraception (EC) or Post-Coital Contraception reduces the risk of pregnancy after unprotected or inadequately protected sexual intercourse, and in situations of sexual crime against the woman’s will, so it should be present in woman’s reproductive health counseling, allowing an active and safe sex life. Objectives: The main objective of this dissertation is to collect existing information on the current scientific evidence on the efficacy of emergency contraception in relation to hormonal methods, non-hormonal methods, and the particular situations of woman who are obese, at risk of thromboembolism, taking other medications, have history of breast cancer, and woman with history of sexual abuse. Methodology: This monograph was developed based on a literature review conducted between September 2022 and March 2023 on the platforms PubMed, ScienceDirect (Elsevier) and RCAAP. Results and Conclusions: The use of emergency contraception has been increasing, but the myth of the possible harm of contraception is still very present in the population. According to the most recent scientific evidence, the CopperIUD is the most effective emergency contraceptive method, followed by oral contraception with ulipristal acetate and lastly oral contraception with levonorgestrel. In certain particular cases such as obesity, thromboembolism, concomitant medications, breast cancer, and sexual abuse, hormonal emergency contraceptives may subject to interactions that decrease their effectiveness, and a non-hormonal approach should be considered.
Description
Keywords
Complicações Consequências e Eficácia Contraceção de Emergência Contraceção Pós-Coital Cuidados de Saúde