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Abstract(s)
A presente dissertação foi realizada no âmbito da unidade curricular Estágio do Mestrado Integrado em Ciências Farmacêuticas, na qual realizei dois estágios, um referente à farmácia comunitária e outro referente à farmácia hospitalar. Está igualmente englobado o trabalho de investigação desenvolvido com o objetivo de determinar os 3 genótipos da Glutationa S-Transferase Mu 1 (GSTM1). Por esta razão, esta dissertação encontra-se dividida em 3 partes, cada uma correspondente a um capítulo.
O primeiro capítulo é sobre o trabalho de investigação realizado no Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde da Universidade da Beira Interior, com a orientação da Professora Doutora Luiza Granadeiro e coorientação da Mestre Micaela Almeida. Este trabalho possui como título “Determinação dos 3 genótipos do Polimorfismo “null” / “present” da GSTM1”. A superfamília das enzimas Glutationa S-Transferase (GST), da qual faz parte a GSTM1, é responsável por processos de destoxificação no metabolismo de fase II. Estas enzimas reduzem compostos através da sua conjugação com a glutationa. Os polimorfismos da GSTM1 têm vindo a ser estudados devido ao seu envolvimento em processos patológicos, como é o caso do cancro da mama, uma vez que a deleção homozigótica do gene desta enzima leva à perda da sua atividade. Estudos realizados no Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde da Universidade da Beira Interior, concluíram que populações com deleção homozigótica dos alelos dos genes que codificam para a GSTM1 têm maior risco de desenvolver cancro de mama. A genotipagem, neste caso, foi realizada recorrendo à técnica de Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (Polymerase Chain Reaction – PCR), que não permite a identificação dos heterozigóticos. Por este motivo, este trabalho investigação propôs a implementação e otimização da técnica Real-Time PCR, de modo a determinar os indivíduos heterozigóticos.
O segundo capítulo descreve o estágio desenvolvido em farmácia comunitária. Este estágio foi realizado na Farmácia Nova de Mesão Frio (FNMF), que está localizada no concelho de Mesão Frio, e decorreu entre os meses de janeiro e abril de 2018. É neste capítulo da dissertação que são abordados temas como o funcionamento de uma farmácia comunitária e a prática farmacêutica neste local, assim como os enquadramentos legais relevantes.
O terceiro capítulo aborda o estágio em farmácia hospitalar, que foi realizado nos Serviços Farmacêuticos da Unidade Local de Saúde (ULS) da Guarda, durante o período de abril a junho de 2018. Neste capítulo é descrito o papel do farmacêutico hospitalar e todo o enquadramento legal referente a esta prática.
The following dissertation was elaborated during the Internship curricular unit of the Integrated Masters of Pharmaceutical Sciences where I underwent two internships, one referring to the community pharmacy and the other the hospital pharmacy. It is also included the research work developed with the goal of determining the 3 genotypes of Glutathione S-Transferase Mu 1 (GSTM1). For that reason, this work is divided in 3 parts, each one corresponding to one chapter. The first chapter is about the research work developed at the Health Science Investigation Center of University of Beira Interior, with the guidance of Professor Doctor Luiza Granadeiro and co-guidance of Master Micaela Almeida. This work is titled “Determination of the 3 genotypes of the “null” / “present” Polymorphism of the GSTM1”. The Glutathione S-Transferases (GST) superfamily, in which the GSTM1 is included, is responsible for detoxification processes during the phase II metabolism. These enzymes reduce compounds through their conjugation with glutathione. The GSTM1 polymorphisms have been studied due to their involvement in pathological processes, as is the case of breast cancer, since the homozygous deletion of this enzyme gene leads to loss of its activity. Studies made in the Health Science Investigation Center of University of Beira Interior concluded that populations with homozygous deletion of the gene alleles that codify the GSTM1 have greater risk of developing breast cancer. The genotyping, in this case, was done through the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique, which doesn’t allow for heterozygotes identification. For this reason, this research work proposes the implementation and optimization of the Real-Time PCR technique to determine the heterozygotes individuals. The second chapter describes the internship developed in community pharmacy. This internship was done at the Farmácia Nova de Mesão Frio (FNMF), which is in the Mesão Frio county, and took place between the months of January and April of 2018. It’s in this section of the dissertation that topics such as the running of a community pharmacy and the pharmaceutical practice in such places will be approached, as well as the relevant legal frameworks. The third chapter of this dissertation approaches the internship on the Pharmaceutical Services of the hospital pharmacy of Local Health Unit (Unidade Local de Saúde – ULS) of Guarda during the period from April to June of 2018. In this chapter, it’s described the role of the hospital pharmacist and all the legal framework referring to this practice.
The following dissertation was elaborated during the Internship curricular unit of the Integrated Masters of Pharmaceutical Sciences where I underwent two internships, one referring to the community pharmacy and the other the hospital pharmacy. It is also included the research work developed with the goal of determining the 3 genotypes of Glutathione S-Transferase Mu 1 (GSTM1). For that reason, this work is divided in 3 parts, each one corresponding to one chapter. The first chapter is about the research work developed at the Health Science Investigation Center of University of Beira Interior, with the guidance of Professor Doctor Luiza Granadeiro and co-guidance of Master Micaela Almeida. This work is titled “Determination of the 3 genotypes of the “null” / “present” Polymorphism of the GSTM1”. The Glutathione S-Transferases (GST) superfamily, in which the GSTM1 is included, is responsible for detoxification processes during the phase II metabolism. These enzymes reduce compounds through their conjugation with glutathione. The GSTM1 polymorphisms have been studied due to their involvement in pathological processes, as is the case of breast cancer, since the homozygous deletion of this enzyme gene leads to loss of its activity. Studies made in the Health Science Investigation Center of University of Beira Interior concluded that populations with homozygous deletion of the gene alleles that codify the GSTM1 have greater risk of developing breast cancer. The genotyping, in this case, was done through the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique, which doesn’t allow for heterozygotes identification. For this reason, this research work proposes the implementation and optimization of the Real-Time PCR technique to determine the heterozygotes individuals. The second chapter describes the internship developed in community pharmacy. This internship was done at the Farmácia Nova de Mesão Frio (FNMF), which is in the Mesão Frio county, and took place between the months of January and April of 2018. It’s in this section of the dissertation that topics such as the running of a community pharmacy and the pharmaceutical practice in such places will be approached, as well as the relevant legal frameworks. The third chapter of this dissertation approaches the internship on the Pharmaceutical Services of the hospital pharmacy of Local Health Unit (Unidade Local de Saúde – ULS) of Guarda during the period from April to June of 2018. In this chapter, it’s described the role of the hospital pharmacist and all the legal framework referring to this practice.
Description
Keywords
Cancro da Mama Farmácia Comunitária Farmácia Hospitalar Gst Gstm1 Real-Time Pcr