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Authors
Abstract(s)
As expectativas em relação ao envelhecimento (EE) referem-se à forma como a
pessoa se projeta no futuro, influenciado o desenvolvimento pessoal e social, e a forma
como a pessoa vai envelhecer. Estas EE são continuamente reconstruídas ao longo da
vida e estão em interação com diferentes variáveis, nomeadamente de ordem social e
psicológicas. A solidão reporta-se a num estado emocional aversivo vivenciado de forma
subjetiva quando a pessoa não está satisfeita com o tipo de interações pessoais que
mantem, sendo uma temática de crescente interesse dadas as suas implicações na saúde
e bem-estar.
Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as EE, a solidão e explorar a relação entre
estas duas dimensões. Pretendeu-se ainda averiguar se existiam diferenças de sexo em
relação às EE e solidão, analisar a idade como preditor da EE e, por fim, explorar se a
solidão tinha um efeito moderador no impacto que a idade pode ter nas EE. Para avaliar
as EE foi utilizada o 38-item Expectations Regarding Aging Survey e para medir a
solidão foi utilizada a University of California, Los Angeles Loneliness scale (version 3).
De forma a averiguar os objetivos foram realizadas análises descritivas, correlacionais e
testados modelos de moderação.
Os resultados indicam uma associação entre a solidão e as EE, com menores
níveis de solidão a estarem associados a maiores EE (EE mais positivas) e vice-versa (r
= -.26). Constatou-se também que uma idade mais avançada dos participantes se
associava a menores EE (EE menos positivas) (r = -.37). A solidão não se revelou
moderadora da relação entre idade e o total de EE, contudo apresenta-se como uma
variável moderadora na associação entre a idade e as EE no contexto específico da saúde
mental. Quando consideramos o avanço da idade em interação com maiores níveis de
solidão este mostra-se ainda mais associado com EE menos positivas. Os resultados
sugerem, assim, que reduzindo-se a solidão poderemos reduzir a tendência para
piorarem as expectativas à medida que a pessoa tem mais idade e, ainda, a possibilidade
de se melhorar a forma como se envelhece, dada a influencia das expetativas no processo
de envelhecimento.
The expectations regarding aging (EA) refer to the way in that a person projects themselves toward the future, influencing personal and social development and how a person will age. These EA are continually reconstructed during a person's lifetime while interacting with different variables that relate namely to social order and psychological factors. Loneliness reports itself as an aversive emotional state experiencing in a subjective manner when the person isn't satisfied with the type of personal interactions that they keep, with it being a theme of increasing interest given the implications regarding their health and well-being. This study aims to evaluate the expectations regarding aging, loneliness and to explore the relationship between these two dimensions. It also aimed to determine if there are differences between the sexes regarding EA and loneliness, analyzing age as a predictor e and at last to evaluate if loneliness has a moderating effect on the impact that age may have in EA. To evaluate EA the 38-item Expectations Regarding Aging Survey was used and to measure loneliness University of California, Los Angeles Loneliness scale (version 3) was used. As a way to verify the goals of this study descriptive analyses, correlations were used, and moderation models have been tested. The results point towards an association between loneliness and EA with lesser loneliness levels being associated with larger EA's (more positive EA) and vice-versa (r = -.26). It was also determined that a more advanced age is associated with lesser EA (less positive EA) (r = -.37). Loneliness did not reveal itself as a moderator regarding age and total EA value however it did present itself as being a moderating variable in the association between age and EA regarding mental health specifically. When we consider the advancing of age while interacting with larger loneliness levels it becomes even more associated with less positive EA. The results suggest, that, by reducing loneliness we might also reduce the tendency to worsen their expectations as a person ages and to possibly also improve the way that they age given the influence of expectations regarding the aging process.
The expectations regarding aging (EA) refer to the way in that a person projects themselves toward the future, influencing personal and social development and how a person will age. These EA are continually reconstructed during a person's lifetime while interacting with different variables that relate namely to social order and psychological factors. Loneliness reports itself as an aversive emotional state experiencing in a subjective manner when the person isn't satisfied with the type of personal interactions that they keep, with it being a theme of increasing interest given the implications regarding their health and well-being. This study aims to evaluate the expectations regarding aging, loneliness and to explore the relationship between these two dimensions. It also aimed to determine if there are differences between the sexes regarding EA and loneliness, analyzing age as a predictor e and at last to evaluate if loneliness has a moderating effect on the impact that age may have in EA. To evaluate EA the 38-item Expectations Regarding Aging Survey was used and to measure loneliness University of California, Los Angeles Loneliness scale (version 3) was used. As a way to verify the goals of this study descriptive analyses, correlations were used, and moderation models have been tested. The results point towards an association between loneliness and EA with lesser loneliness levels being associated with larger EA's (more positive EA) and vice-versa (r = -.26). It was also determined that a more advanced age is associated with lesser EA (less positive EA) (r = -.37). Loneliness did not reveal itself as a moderator regarding age and total EA value however it did present itself as being a moderating variable in the association between age and EA regarding mental health specifically. When we consider the advancing of age while interacting with larger loneliness levels it becomes even more associated with less positive EA. The results suggest, that, by reducing loneliness we might also reduce the tendency to worsen their expectations as a person ages and to possibly also improve the way that they age given the influence of expectations regarding the aging process.
Description
Keywords
Expectativas em Relação ao Envelhecimento Idade Saúde Mental Solidão Suporte Social