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A Estimulação Cerebral Profunda é uma técnica neurocirúrgica que consiste na aplicação de corrente elétrica em determinadas estruturas nervosas no interior do cérebro, de modo a modular o seu funcionamento. A estimulação de certas regiões selecionadas permite o controlo e a atenuação de algumas manifestações clínicas relacionadas com patologia neurológica e psiquiátrica.
As indicações mais comuns da Estimulação Cerebral Profunda são as perturbações do movimento. No entanto, com o avançar da investigação, foram surgindo novas aplicações para esta técnica, nomeadamente em algumas patologias psiquiátricas, como a Perturbação Obsessivo-Compulsiva e a Perturbação Depressiva Major. Vários alvos de estimulação têm sido estudados, nomeadamente a cápsula interna, o núcleo accumbens e o giro cingulado subcaloso.
Num mundo onde a prevalência das doenças psiquiátricas está a aumentar, a Estimulação Cerebral Profunda pode constituir uma alternativa eficaz e segura para os pacientes cuja farmacoterapia e psicoterapia se revelam insuficientes no tratamento da sua condição clínica.
Os principais objetivos desta revisão bibliográfica são elaborar uma breve revisão sobre a técnica de Estimulação Cerebral Profunda e abordar as doenças psiquiátricas onde esta modalidade terapêutica pode ser aplicada com utilidade.
Em termos metodológicos, desenvolveu-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica atualizada, baseada no levantamento de artigos da PubMed, B-on e Google Académico e em livros da área da Psiquiatria e Neurologia.
Deep Brain Stimulation is a neurosurgical technique that consists of applying electrical current to certain nerve structures inside the brain to modulate its functioning. The stimulation of certain selected regions allows the control and attenuation of some clinical manifestations related to neurological and psychiatric pathology. The most common indications of Deep Brain Stimulation are movement disorders. However, with advancing research, new applications for this technique have emerged, particularly in some psychiatric conditions such as Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Major Depressive Disorder. Several stimulation targets have been studied, including the internal capsule, nucleus accumbens and subcallosal cingulate gyrus. In a world where the prevalence of psychiatric illnesses is increasing, Deep Brain Stimulation can be an effective and safe alternative for patients whose pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy are insufficient to treat their clinical condition. The main objectives of this literature review are preparing a brief review of the Deep Brain Stimulation technique and approach psychiatric diseases where this therapeutic modality can be applied usefully. In methodological terms, an updated literature search was developed based on the survey articles of PubMed, B-on and Google Académico and in books in the Psychiatry and Neurology area.
Deep Brain Stimulation is a neurosurgical technique that consists of applying electrical current to certain nerve structures inside the brain to modulate its functioning. The stimulation of certain selected regions allows the control and attenuation of some clinical manifestations related to neurological and psychiatric pathology. The most common indications of Deep Brain Stimulation are movement disorders. However, with advancing research, new applications for this technique have emerged, particularly in some psychiatric conditions such as Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Major Depressive Disorder. Several stimulation targets have been studied, including the internal capsule, nucleus accumbens and subcallosal cingulate gyrus. In a world where the prevalence of psychiatric illnesses is increasing, Deep Brain Stimulation can be an effective and safe alternative for patients whose pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy are insufficient to treat their clinical condition. The main objectives of this literature review are preparing a brief review of the Deep Brain Stimulation technique and approach psychiatric diseases where this therapeutic modality can be applied usefully. In methodological terms, an updated literature search was developed based on the survey articles of PubMed, B-on and Google Académico and in books in the Psychiatry and Neurology area.
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Depressão Esquizofrenia Estimulação Cerebral Profunda Perturbação Obsessivo-Compulsiva Psiquiatria