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Abstract(s)
As autoestradas são infraestruturas caracterizadas por, em regra geral, proporcionarem
aos utentes boas condições de circulação, permitindo manter a velocidade praticada,
boas condições de segurança e facilidade de manobra. A qualidade do serviço prestado
nestas infraestruturas é determinada pela avaliação do nível de serviço. Para tal, recorrese à metodologia mais aceite e utilizada em todo o mundo, a metodologia norteamericana apresentada no manual Highway Capacity Manual do Transportation
Research Board. Esta foi concebida, a partir do exemplo do panorama rodoviário norteamericano, embora a sua aplicação não seja exclusiva a este, e seja possível aplicá-la ao
panorama rodoviário europeu.
A edição mais recente do manual, é o “Highway Capacity Manual 7th Edition: A Guide
for Multimodal Mobility Analysis”, publicado em 2022. Este inclui uma metodologia
para determinar o nível de serviço em autoestradas, concebida para avaliar as condições
de circulação, assim como para simular medidas corretivas e o seu efeito na melhoria das
mesmas.
Nesta dissertação é descrita a metodologia desenvolvida pela atual edição do manual
HCM (HCM 7), para avaliar o nível de serviço em secções correntes de autoestradas, para
com base nesta, desenvolver uma folha de cálculo automatizada em ambiente Excel na
qual o objetivo central é a determinação do nível de serviço neste tipo de secções,
permitindo ainda o cálculo de débitos e volumes de serviço. Esta folha de cálculo foi
preparada para ter em consideração a informação normalmente recolhida pelo gestor da
rede rodoviária nacional, servindo não só para obter o nível de serviço, mas também para
uma monitorização das condições de circulação, podendo servir de instrumento de apoio
à decisão, identificando os casos que necessitam de análise adicional e de intervenção
para elevar ou manter o nível de serviço pretendido.
Para a validação da folha de cálculo automatizada proposta foram utilizados dados
recolhidos e registados pela Infraestruturas de Portugal, S.A. (IP, S.A.), fornecidos no
âmbito desta dissertação, relativos a 252 secções correntes de autoestrada e ao ano de
2022, tendo sido ainda efetuada uma análise comparativa dos níveis de serviço obtidos
com a metodologia HCM 7 com os obtidos por esta entidade pela aplicação da
metodologia HCM 2000. Da análise efetuada, verificou-se a existência de uma discrepância entre os valores do
nível de serviço previamente determinados pela IP, S.A., recorrendo à metodologia HCM
2000, e os valores obtidos com a metodologia HCM 7, que pode ter origem na própria
atualização da metodologia e dos seus parâmetros, atualização de valores e intervalos de
valores para as diferentes variáveis, assim como das próprias fórmulas de cálculo. No
entanto, cerca de 72% (182 em 252) do total das secções correntes de autoestrada,
apresentaram o mesmo resultado nas duas metodologias.
De maneira geral, a folha de cálculo automatizada, elaborada no decorrer desta
dissertação, pode ser uma ferramenta válida e útil para o processamento de dados com
vista à obtenção do nível de serviço, débitos e volumes de serviço, de forma rápida e
simples, contribuindo ainda para a adaptação das fórmulas e parâmetros de cálculo para
o sistema de unidades métrico, facilitando a aplicação da metodologia nos países que
adotam este sistema de unidades.
Freeways are infrastructures, that generally provide users good traffic and safety conditions, allowing them to maintain speed and manoeuvrability within the traffic stream. The quality of service provided on these infrastructures is assessed by evaluating the level of service. This is done using the most widely accepted approach used throughout the world, the North American methodology presented in the Transportation Research Board’s Highway Capacity Manual, which is based on United States (US) scenario, although its application is not exclusive of the US road system, and can also be applied to the European road system. The latest edition of the manual is the “Highway Capacity Manual 7th edition: A Guide for Multimodal Mobility Analysis” published in 2022. The manual includes a methodology for determining the level of service on basic freeway segments, conceived to assess traffic conditions, as well as simulate corrective measures and their effect on improving these conditions. In this master thesis, the methodology developed by the current edition of the HCM manual (HCM 7) to evaluate the level of service on basic freeway segments is described in order to develop an automated Excel spreadsheet with the aim to determine the level of service, service flows and volumes for basic freeway segments. This spreadsheet has been prepared to take into consideration the information usually collected by the Portuguese road network manager, serving not only to obtain the level of service, but also to monitor traffic conditions, serving as a decision-supporting tool, identifying cases that require additional analysis and intervention to raise or maintain the desired level of service. For the validation of the proposed automated spreadsheet, data collected and recorded by Infraestruturas de Portugal, S.A. (IP, S.A.), provided within the scope of this thesis, referring to 252 basic freeway segments and the year 2022, was used. Additionally, a comparative analysis was made using the levels of service obtained with HCM 7 and those obtained by this entity using the HCM 2000 methodology. The analysis has revealed a discrepancy between the levels of service previously determined by IP, S.A., using the HCM 2000 methodology, and the values obtained using the HCM 7 methodology, which may be due to the updating of the methodology, parameters, variables values and value ranges, or even calculation formulas. However, about 72% (182 out of 252) of the total basic freeway segments showed the same result in both methodologies. Overall, the automated spreadsheet developed during this master thesis can be considered a valid and useful tool for processing data to obtain the level of service, service flows and volumes in a simple and quick way, also contributing to adapt the calculation formulas and parameters to the metric system, making it easier to apply the methodology in countries that adopt this unit system.
Freeways are infrastructures, that generally provide users good traffic and safety conditions, allowing them to maintain speed and manoeuvrability within the traffic stream. The quality of service provided on these infrastructures is assessed by evaluating the level of service. This is done using the most widely accepted approach used throughout the world, the North American methodology presented in the Transportation Research Board’s Highway Capacity Manual, which is based on United States (US) scenario, although its application is not exclusive of the US road system, and can also be applied to the European road system. The latest edition of the manual is the “Highway Capacity Manual 7th edition: A Guide for Multimodal Mobility Analysis” published in 2022. The manual includes a methodology for determining the level of service on basic freeway segments, conceived to assess traffic conditions, as well as simulate corrective measures and their effect on improving these conditions. In this master thesis, the methodology developed by the current edition of the HCM manual (HCM 7) to evaluate the level of service on basic freeway segments is described in order to develop an automated Excel spreadsheet with the aim to determine the level of service, service flows and volumes for basic freeway segments. This spreadsheet has been prepared to take into consideration the information usually collected by the Portuguese road network manager, serving not only to obtain the level of service, but also to monitor traffic conditions, serving as a decision-supporting tool, identifying cases that require additional analysis and intervention to raise or maintain the desired level of service. For the validation of the proposed automated spreadsheet, data collected and recorded by Infraestruturas de Portugal, S.A. (IP, S.A.), provided within the scope of this thesis, referring to 252 basic freeway segments and the year 2022, was used. Additionally, a comparative analysis was made using the levels of service obtained with HCM 7 and those obtained by this entity using the HCM 2000 methodology. The analysis has revealed a discrepancy between the levels of service previously determined by IP, S.A., using the HCM 2000 methodology, and the values obtained using the HCM 7 methodology, which may be due to the updating of the methodology, parameters, variables values and value ranges, or even calculation formulas. However, about 72% (182 out of 252) of the total basic freeway segments showed the same result in both methodologies. Overall, the automated spreadsheet developed during this master thesis can be considered a valid and useful tool for processing data to obtain the level of service, service flows and volumes in a simple and quick way, also contributing to adapt the calculation formulas and parameters to the metric system, making it easier to apply the methodology in countries that adopt this unit system.
Description
Keywords
Aplicação para Cálculo Automático do Nível de Serviço Autoestradas Highway Capacity Manual 7th Edition
– Hcm7 Nível de Serviço Secção Corrente