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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Introdução: O overtraining resulta de stress físico e psicológico cumulativos, impostos pelos treinos e/ou situações que não se encontram relacionadas com este, com consequente diminuição a longo prazo na capacidade de desempenho do atleta. Este fenómeno é cada vez mais valorizado pelos médicos, desportistas, praticantes de exercício físico e todos os interessados pela interação entre a ciência médica e desportiva. Tendo em conta que o overtraining tem grande impacto em todos os sistemas do nosso organismo, esta dissertação procura estudar e compreender melhor a influência do exercício sobre o sistema imunitário humano.
Objetivos: Este estudo pretende explicar as possíveis complicações do excesso de treino e identificar as alterações imunológicas que advêm desse mesmo processo. Por fim, é esperado que haja uma melhoria na prevenção e no tratamento desta condição.
Métodos: A pesquisa e análise de informação foram feitas através de artigos relevantes desde 1986 até 2016. Foram consultadas várias publicações, nomeadamente relatórios, normas, orientações e materiais formativos da Organização Mundial de Saúde, da American College Sports of Medicine, da British Journal of Sports Medicine, da Direção-Geral da Saúde, entre outros.
Resultados: O reconhecimento precoce e inequívoco da síndrome de overtraining é praticamente impossível, pois o único forte indicador é a diminuição da performance durante a competição ou treino. Tendo em conta o difícil diagnóstico, parece haver consenso na literatura, de que a prevenção tem um papel fundamental na diminuição da prevalência e do impacto negativo que o overtraining tem no sistema imunológico.
Conclusão: A revisão dos artigos científicos apresentados fornece dados que permitem concluir que os indivíduos expostos a exercício físico extenuante vão obter um impacto negativo no sistema imunitário. Consequentemente, estes indivíduos têm maior probabilidade de desenvolver infeções e diminuir a sua performance durante a competição.
Background: Overtraining is an accumulation of training and/or nontraining stress resulting in long-term decrement in performance capacity with or without related physiological and psychological signs and symptoms of bad adaptation. Nowadays this theme is getting more importance by physicians, athletes and people who are interested in sports. Recently, several studies have shown that overtraining has a huge impact on human`s systems, so, this study wants to know the relationship between overtraining and immune system. Aim: This study reviews the effects of overtraining and identifies the immunological systems changes. It could also contribute to learn new perspectives of overtraining prevention and treatment. Methods: The database was analyzed between 1986 and 2016. This study includes database from World Health Organization, American College Sports of Medicine, British Journal of Sports Medicine, Direção-Geral da Saúde of Portugal and others organizations. Results: The only certain sign of overtraining is a decrease in performance during competition or training. Although in recent years, the knowledge of central pathological mechanisms of overtraining has significantly increased, there is still a strong demand for relevant tools for the early diagnosis. Conclusions: The revision of the presented scientific articles shows that intensified training (leading to overtraining) may increase the risk of immunodepression and there are reports of infection and worst performance.
Background: Overtraining is an accumulation of training and/or nontraining stress resulting in long-term decrement in performance capacity with or without related physiological and psychological signs and symptoms of bad adaptation. Nowadays this theme is getting more importance by physicians, athletes and people who are interested in sports. Recently, several studies have shown that overtraining has a huge impact on human`s systems, so, this study wants to know the relationship between overtraining and immune system. Aim: This study reviews the effects of overtraining and identifies the immunological systems changes. It could also contribute to learn new perspectives of overtraining prevention and treatment. Methods: The database was analyzed between 1986 and 2016. This study includes database from World Health Organization, American College Sports of Medicine, British Journal of Sports Medicine, Direção-Geral da Saúde of Portugal and others organizations. Results: The only certain sign of overtraining is a decrease in performance during competition or training. Although in recent years, the knowledge of central pathological mechanisms of overtraining has significantly increased, there is still a strong demand for relevant tools for the early diagnosis. Conclusions: The revision of the presented scientific articles shows that intensified training (leading to overtraining) may increase the risk of immunodepression and there are reports of infection and worst performance.
Description
Keywords
Atividade Física Excesso de Treino Exercício Infeção. Sistema Imunológico