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Abstract(s)
A internacionalizaĆ§Ć£o das Pequenas e MĆ©dias Empresas (PME) na Europa faz parte dos assuntos estratĆ©gicos da UniĆ£o Europeia (UE), jĆ” que o mercado interno de um Ćŗnico paĆs pode nĆ£o ser capaz de suprir-se em termos de produtos, mĆ£o-de-obra, capitais e serviƧos, sendo essa, a principal linha da polĆtica de competitividade do Concelho Europeu e da UE para o mercado interno. Neste contexto, as incubadoras surgiram com o objetivo de apoiar as PME incubadas. As incubadoras propiciam o surgimento de empresas de tecnologias inovadoras, alĆ©m de manter uma vasta infraestrutura baseada em redes de cooperaĆ§Ć£o, quer nacionais quer internacionais. As incubadoras podem tambĆ©m assumir o papel de intermediĆ”rias no processo de cooperaĆ§Ć£o internacional, e permitem organizar recursos, estratĆ©gias e suprir as falhas momentĆ¢neas de gestĆ£o das PME incubadas, assim como potencializar o talento empresarial complementando-o com os recursos necessĆ”rios. Contudo, a cooperaĆ§Ć£o internacional foge do Ć¢mbito bĆ”sico dos serviƧos de uma incubadora de empresas, jĆ” que esta estratĆ©gia faz parte da aceleraĆ§Ć£o dos negĆ³cios. Deste modo, o objetivo deste estudo foi compreender o papel das incubadoras, envolvidas em redes de cooperaĆ§Ć£o internacional, no processo de internacionalizaĆ§Ć£o das PME incubadas. Assim, a partir de uma pesquisa exploratĆ³ria, foi utilizado o mĆ©todo de estudos de caso mĆŗltiplos, ou seja, foram estudadas trĆŖs incubadoras (casos), duas em Portugal e uma na Inglaterra. Como tĆ©cnicas de recolha de dados foram usadas a entrevista, o questionĆ”rio e a anĆ”lise documental. A partir de uma anĆ”lise de conteĆŗdo e descritiva, os resultados deste estudo evidenciam que os objetivos destas incubadoras sĆ£o o desenvolvimento do empreendedorismo local, atravĆ©s de projetos inovadores, diferenciando-se entre si, pelo impacto positivo, ligado a critĆ©rios socioambientais.
Todas as incubadoras aqui estudadas tĆŖm em comum redes nacionais e internacionais, serviƧos de apoio, treinamento empresarial, mentoring, admissĆ£o seletiva de empreendedores e fornecimento de instalaƧƵes, consultoria empresarial, acesso a financiamentos, e treinamentos ligados Ć internacionalizaĆ§Ć£o das PME incubadas, bem como acesso a instalaƧƵes de parceiros e incubaĆ§Ć£o flexĆvel, assim como a participaĆ§Ć£o em feiras e eventos internacionais. Dessa forma, as incubadoras reforƧam o comportamento empreendedor e criam um ambiente de inovaĆ§Ć£o e internacionalizaĆ§Ć£o Ć s suas PME incubadas.
TambĆ©m foi possivel identificar os principais motivos que levam as PME pesquisadas a Internacionalizar: Acesso a partilha de recursos, competĆŖncias e conhecimentos complementares; Acesso a clientes; Canais de distribuiĆ§Ć£o; Conhecimento e domĆnios dos mercados e a racionalizaĆ§Ć£o de atividades; Partilha de inovaĆ§Ć£o e incorporaĆ§Ć£o de melhorias e prĆ”tica em diversos nĆveis e acesso a fornecedores. Estas atividades sĆ£o facilitadas pelas incubadoras envolvidas em relaƧƵes de cooperaĆ§Ć£o internacional. Mais precisamente, este estudo concluiu que, de facto, as incubadoras podem facilitar o processo de internacionalizaĆ§Ć£o das PME incubadas.
Algumas implicaƧƵes para a teoria e a prĆ”tica nesta Ć”rea de investigaĆ§Ć£o sĆ£o tambĆ©m apresentadas neste trabalho, bem como algumas sugestƵes para investigaƧƵes futuras.
The internationalization of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Europe is one of the strategic issues of the European Union (EU), since the internal market of a single country may not be able to supply itself in terms of products, labour, capital and services. This is the main line of the competitiveness policy of the European Council and the EU for the internal market. In this context, incubators have emerged with the aim of supporting incubated SMEs. Incubators foster the emergence of innovative technology companies, as well as maintaining a vast infrastructure based on national and international cooperation networks. Incubators can also take on the role of intermediaries in the international co-operation process, and enable them to organize resources, strategies and address the short-term management failures of incubated SMEs, as well as boost business talent by complementing it with the necessary resources. However, international cooperation escapes the basic scope of business incubator services, as this strategy is part of the acceleration of business. Thus, the objective of this study was to understand the role of incubators, involved in international cooperation networks, in the process of internationalization of incubated SMEs. Thus, from an exploratory research, the method of multiple case studies was used, that is, three incubators (cases) were studied, two in Portugal and one in England. The interviews, the questionnaire and the documentary analysis were used as data collection techniques. From a descriptive and content analysis, the results of this study show that the objectives of these incubators are the development of local entrepreneurship through innovative projects; differentiating between them, by the positive impact, linked to socio-environmental criteria. All the incubators studied here have in common national and international networks, support services, business training, mentoring, selective admission of entrepreneurs and provision of facilities, business consulting, access to financing, and training aimed at the internationalization of incubated SMEs, as well as access to partner facilities and flexible incubation furthermore, as participation in international fairs and events. In this way, incubators reinforce entrepreneurial behaviour and create an environment of innovation and internationalization for their incubated SMEs. It was also possible to identify the main reasons that lead the surveyed SMEs seek for internationalization: Access to shared resources, skills and complementary knowledge; customer access; distribution channels; knowledge and domains of markets and rationalization of activities; sharing innovation and incorporating improvements and practice at various levels and access to suppliers. These activities are facilitated by incubators involved in international cooperation relations. More precisely, this study concluded that in fact incubators can facilitate the internationalization process of incubated SMEs. Some implications for theory and practice in this area of research are also presented in this paper, as well as some suggestions for future research.
The internationalization of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Europe is one of the strategic issues of the European Union (EU), since the internal market of a single country may not be able to supply itself in terms of products, labour, capital and services. This is the main line of the competitiveness policy of the European Council and the EU for the internal market. In this context, incubators have emerged with the aim of supporting incubated SMEs. Incubators foster the emergence of innovative technology companies, as well as maintaining a vast infrastructure based on national and international cooperation networks. Incubators can also take on the role of intermediaries in the international co-operation process, and enable them to organize resources, strategies and address the short-term management failures of incubated SMEs, as well as boost business talent by complementing it with the necessary resources. However, international cooperation escapes the basic scope of business incubator services, as this strategy is part of the acceleration of business. Thus, the objective of this study was to understand the role of incubators, involved in international cooperation networks, in the process of internationalization of incubated SMEs. Thus, from an exploratory research, the method of multiple case studies was used, that is, three incubators (cases) were studied, two in Portugal and one in England. The interviews, the questionnaire and the documentary analysis were used as data collection techniques. From a descriptive and content analysis, the results of this study show that the objectives of these incubators are the development of local entrepreneurship through innovative projects; differentiating between them, by the positive impact, linked to socio-environmental criteria. All the incubators studied here have in common national and international networks, support services, business training, mentoring, selective admission of entrepreneurs and provision of facilities, business consulting, access to financing, and training aimed at the internationalization of incubated SMEs, as well as access to partner facilities and flexible incubation furthermore, as participation in international fairs and events. In this way, incubators reinforce entrepreneurial behaviour and create an environment of innovation and internationalization for their incubated SMEs. It was also possible to identify the main reasons that lead the surveyed SMEs seek for internationalization: Access to shared resources, skills and complementary knowledge; customer access; distribution channels; knowledge and domains of markets and rationalization of activities; sharing innovation and incorporating improvements and practice at various levels and access to suppliers. These activities are facilitated by incubators involved in international cooperation relations. More precisely, this study concluded that in fact incubators can facilitate the internationalization process of incubated SMEs. Some implications for theory and practice in this area of research are also presented in this paper, as well as some suggestions for future research.
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Keywords
CooperaĆ§Ć£o Internacional Incubadoras de Empresas InternacionalizaĆ§Ć£o Networks Pme Redes