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Abstract(s)
A evolução tecnológica tem permitido a utilização de veículos aéreos não tripulados
(VANT) de forma mais fácil e diversificada criando oportunidades de aplicação em
vários campos da engenharia, designadamente, na inspeção de infraestruturas de
transporte. Esta tecnologia permite a recolha rápida de dados a baixo custo e suporta
os gestores das infraestruturas no desenho dos programas de manutenção e na
calendarização de intervenções, contribuindo, assim, para o aumento da durabilidade e
dos níveis de segurança dos elementos inspecionados.
O presente estudo parte das principais práticas que recorrem ao uso de VANT para
enquadrar a utilização dos mesmos no campo da engenharia, na área dos transportes e
mais especificamente na inspeção de pavimentos. O estado da arte permitiu identificar
a diversidade de tecnologia disponível, as práticas atuais e algumas das principais
vantagens e desvantagens da utilização desta técnica no âmbito pretendido. A revisão
dos estudos e outra literatura disponível sobre a utilização específica de VANT na
inspeção de pavimentos serviu como ponto de partida para a definição da metodologia
e para o desenvolvimento do caso de estudo apresentado.
A metodologia aplicada ao caso de estudo inclui a recolha de imagens de um troço de
pavimento flexível rodoviário, com recurso a VANT, e no seu tratamento de forma a
criar uma ortoimagem e um modelo 3D a partir da qual foi possível identificar e
caracterizar as degradações presentes na superfície do pavimento. O ensaio
experimental foi ainda precedido de uma caracterização das condicionantes e da área a
inspecionar. Os principais resultados obtidos apontam para desvios planimétricos e
altimétricos, em relação à medição direta no local, inferiores a 2 mm para as imagens
recolhidas pelo drone Mavic 2 Pro a 3,0 m de altitude.
Nestas condições é possível concluir que a precisão é muito boa e adequada para o fim
pretendido. Com os dados recolhidos foi também possível calcular os índices de
qualidade global do pavimento PSI e PCI para o troço de pavimento inspecionado. Os
índices indicam que o pavimento se encontra em muito mau estado de conservação,
apontando para a necessidade de uma intervenção de reabilitação ou mesmo de
substituição do pavimento.
Technological evolution has allowed the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) in an easier and more diversified way, creating opportunities for application in various fields of engineering, namely, in the inspection of transport infrastructures. This technology allows fast data collection at low cost and supports infrastructure managers in designing maintenance programs and scheduling interventions, thus contributing to increasing the durability and safety levels of the inspected elements. The present study starts from the main practices that resort to the use of UAVs to frame their use in the field of engineering, in transport and more specifically in the inspection of pavements. The state of the art allowed identifying the diversity of available technology, current practices and some of the main advantages and disadvantages of using this technique in the intended scope. The review of studies and other available literature on the specific use of UAVs in pavement inspection served as a starting point for defining the methodology and for developing the case study presented. The methodology applied to the case study includes the collection of images of a section of flexible road pavement, using a UAV, and its treatment in order to create an orthoimage and a 3D model from which it was possible to identify and characterize the degradations present on the pavement surface. The experimental test was also preceded by a characterization of the constraints and the area to be inspected. The main results obtained point to planimetric and altimetric deviations, in relation to the direct measurement on site, of less than 2 mm for the images collected by the Mavic 2 Pro drone at 3.0 m altitude. Under these conditions it is possible to conclude that the accuracy is very good and suitable for the intended purpose. With the data collected, it was also possible to calculate the global quality indexes of the PSI and PCI pavement for the inspected pavement section. The indices indicate that the pavement is in a very poor state of conservation, pointing to the need for a rehabilitation intervention or even replacement of the pavement.
Technological evolution has allowed the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) in an easier and more diversified way, creating opportunities for application in various fields of engineering, namely, in the inspection of transport infrastructures. This technology allows fast data collection at low cost and supports infrastructure managers in designing maintenance programs and scheduling interventions, thus contributing to increasing the durability and safety levels of the inspected elements. The present study starts from the main practices that resort to the use of UAVs to frame their use in the field of engineering, in transport and more specifically in the inspection of pavements. The state of the art allowed identifying the diversity of available technology, current practices and some of the main advantages and disadvantages of using this technique in the intended scope. The review of studies and other available literature on the specific use of UAVs in pavement inspection served as a starting point for defining the methodology and for developing the case study presented. The methodology applied to the case study includes the collection of images of a section of flexible road pavement, using a UAV, and its treatment in order to create an orthoimage and a 3D model from which it was possible to identify and characterize the degradations present on the pavement surface. The experimental test was also preceded by a characterization of the constraints and the area to be inspected. The main results obtained point to planimetric and altimetric deviations, in relation to the direct measurement on site, of less than 2 mm for the images collected by the Mavic 2 Pro drone at 3.0 m altitude. Under these conditions it is possible to conclude that the accuracy is very good and suitable for the intended purpose. With the data collected, it was also possible to calculate the global quality indexes of the PSI and PCI pavement for the inspected pavement section. The indices indicate that the pavement is in a very poor state of conservation, pointing to the need for a rehabilitation intervention or even replacement of the pavement.
Description
Keywords
Degradações Superficiais de Pavimentos Infraestruturas de Transporte Inspeção de
Pavimentos Modelo 3d Veículos Aéreos Não Tripulados (Vant)