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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Desde a Segunda Guerra Mundial, o desenvolvimento de tecnologia no setor de mísseis tem
vindo a representar um fator que pode ser determinante no rumo da Humanidade. Devido à
importância que constitui, este é um dos se tores mais desafiantes a ser investigado.
Com esta dissertação, pretende-se incrementar alguns fundamentos em duas das áreas mais
cen trais à atuação do míss il: leis de orien tação e localização precisa do alvo.
Assim sendo, na primeira área referida são exploradas as leis de orientação a partir das trajetórias
efetuadas pelo míssil de encontro ao alvo com base nas diretrizes de um controlador
Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) clássico, bem como, nas de um controlador obtido de forma
determinística a partir de um critério de desempenho proposto assente nos conceitos básicos de
Receding Horizon Contrai (RHC). Conclui-se que o controlador LQR clássico exibe uma melhor
performance uma vez que denota trajetórias mais diretas ao alvo e com menor duração. Futuramente,
não se deverão descartar controladores originados a partir de outro tipo de critério
de desempenho. Dado que existe a possibilidade destes serem desenvolvidos para situações
específicas e consequentemente possam revelar melhor desempenho quando comparados ao
controlador LQR clássico.
Todos os sistemas possuem algum tipo de incertezas e/ou perturbações. Este facto fomenta a
necessidade da aplicação de um controlador robusto. A escolha do mesmo baseia-se no controlador
LQR robusto alicerçado com o método de Artstein, que apresenta excelente desempenho
em osciladores caóticos e também neste estudo, na medida que responde satisfatoriamente
às necessidades para o qual foi desenvolvido. Por sua vez, o controlador LQR clássico para as
mesmas circunstâncias demonstra caraterísticas de robustez insuficientes.
No que concerne à localização precisa do alvo é aplicado um filtro de Kalman-Bucy à trajetória
real do mesmo. Este método, devido aos resultados obtidos na estimação da trajetória do alvo
real e à flexibilidade de implementação que dispõe, demonstra ser uma poderosa ferramenta
para o setor em questão.
Portanto, esta dissertação introduz alguns fundamentos inovadores ao setor referido neste resumo,
revelando que o controlador robusto desenvolvido por Artstein tem uma grande eficácia
para rastreamento de mísseis quando sujeitos a incertezas e/ou perturbações. Por sua vez, o
controlador LQR clássico pode eventualmente ser substituído por outro que satisfaça um critério
de desempenho concebido para situações específicas. Por último, o filtro de Kalman-Bucy
demonstra elevada aptidão no âmbito da localização precisa de alvos.
Ever since the World War II, the technology development in the missile sector represents a factor that can be crucial in the destiny of humanity. Due to the importance it has, this is one of the most challenging sectors to investigate. With this dissertation, the aim is to increase some fundamentais in two of the most central areas to the missile operation: orientation laws and precise target location. Therefore, in the first-mentioned area , the orientation laws are explored through the already performed trajectories by the missile against the target based on the guidelines of a classic LQR controller and also based on a deterministically obtained controller from a performance criterion proposed, which rests in the basic notions of RHC. It was concluded that the classic LQR controller depicts a better performance as it shows more direct trajectories to the target with a decrease in terms of time. Hereafter, controllers originated from other types of performance criterion must not be discarded, being that there is the possibility of development for special situation and consequently may reveal better performance when compared to the classic LQR. Ali systems have some kind of uncertainty and / or disturbance. This fact encourages the need of implementing a robust controller. The choice Is based on the robust LQR controller coming from the Artstein method, which suggests excellent performance in chaotic oscillators and also in that study as it satisfies the needs for which it was developed. On the other hand, classic LQR controller for the same circumstances reveals insufficient robustness characteristics. As far as the target location is concerned, a Kalman-Bucy filter is applied to the real trajectory. This method, due to the obtained results in the real target trajectory's estimation and the implementation flexibility it has, it proves itself to be a powerful tool to the sector in questiono Moreover, this dissertation introduces several innovative fundamentais to the referred sector, exhibiting that the robust controller developed by Artstein has a great efficiency in terms of missile tracking when under uncertainties and/or disturbances. Furthermore, the classic LQR controller may eventually be replaced by another that can fulfil a performance criterion for specific situations. At last, the Kalman-Bucy filter shows great skills in precise target location.
Ever since the World War II, the technology development in the missile sector represents a factor that can be crucial in the destiny of humanity. Due to the importance it has, this is one of the most challenging sectors to investigate. With this dissertation, the aim is to increase some fundamentais in two of the most central areas to the missile operation: orientation laws and precise target location. Therefore, in the first-mentioned area , the orientation laws are explored through the already performed trajectories by the missile against the target based on the guidelines of a classic LQR controller and also based on a deterministically obtained controller from a performance criterion proposed, which rests in the basic notions of RHC. It was concluded that the classic LQR controller depicts a better performance as it shows more direct trajectories to the target with a decrease in terms of time. Hereafter, controllers originated from other types of performance criterion must not be discarded, being that there is the possibility of development for special situation and consequently may reveal better performance when compared to the classic LQR. Ali systems have some kind of uncertainty and / or disturbance. This fact encourages the need of implementing a robust controller. The choice Is based on the robust LQR controller coming from the Artstein method, which suggests excellent performance in chaotic oscillators and also in that study as it satisfies the needs for which it was developed. On the other hand, classic LQR controller for the same circumstances reveals insufficient robustness characteristics. As far as the target location is concerned, a Kalman-Bucy filter is applied to the real trajectory. This method, due to the obtained results in the real target trajectory's estimation and the implementation flexibility it has, it proves itself to be a powerful tool to the sector in questiono Moreover, this dissertation introduces several innovative fundamentais to the referred sector, exhibiting that the robust controller developed by Artstein has a great efficiency in terms of missile tracking when under uncertainties and/or disturbances. Furthermore, the classic LQR controller may eventually be replaced by another that can fulfil a performance criterion for specific situations. At last, the Kalman-Bucy filter shows great skills in precise target location.
Description
Keywords
Alvo Filtro Kalman-Bucy Interceção Lqr Clássico Lqr Robusto Míssi Intercetor Orientação