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Authors
Abstract(s)
O terrorismo é um dos grandes desafios do século XXI. A presente investigação pretende oferecer uma visão mais esclarecedora acerca do fenómeno terrorista e em particular, acerca do terrorismo contemporâneo jihadista. Assim, partindo de uma análise conceptual, histórica e filosófica sobre terrorismo direccionamo-nos para um estudo mais concentrado no terrorismo jihadista. Serão alvo de estudo as justificações ideológicas e religiosas advogadas pelo jihadismo e as dinâmicas político sociais subjacentes à emergência de um movimento fundamentalista islâmico no Médio Oriente. Procuramos, ainda, perceber de que forma é que as transformações na balança de poder do Médio Oriente contribuíram para a evolução deste movimento fundamentalista que culminou na emergência do terrorismo jihadista que conhecemos hoje. Para concretizar este objectivo serão analisadas as mutações de poder regional mais relevantes desde o final da Primeira Grande Guerra, nomeadamente, a Guerra do Afeganistão, a Primeira e a Segunda Guerra do Golfo, bem como a Primavera Árabe.
Verificada a existência de uma relação entre as transformações nas dinâmicas de poder do Médio Oriente e o terrorismo jihadista, procuraremos apurar se a relação inversa se verifica. Enquadrando a nossa análise no regime de racionalização sistémica proposta por Kenneth Waltz, tentaremos perceber se o terrorismo poderá, também ele, ingerir no desenho das configurações de poder e participar nelas. Assim, partindo de uma análise neorrealista, tentaremos averiguar se o terrorismo, para além de ser influenciado pelas transformações da balança de poder do Médio Oriente, poderá, também ele, se afigurar como agente de participação e de mutação destas dinâmicas de poder.
Terrorism is one of the biggest chalenges of the the XXI century. This research aims to provide a more insightful view about the terrorist phenomenon and in particular about the contemporary jihadist terrorism. Starting with a conceptual, historical and philosophical analysis of terrorism in general, we will adress a more concentrated study in jihadist terrorism. The subjects of this study are the ideological and religious justifications advocated by jihadism, as well as the social and political dynamics underlying the emergence of an islamic fundamentalist movement in the Middle East. From here, we will try to understand how the changes in the balance of power in the Middle East contributed to the evolution of this fundamentalist movement that culminated in the emergence of the jihadist terrorism we know today. In order to do so, this research project will analyse the main changes of regional power since the final of WWI, taking into account relevant events such as the Afghanistan War, the First and Second Gulf War, as well as the Arab Spring. Verified the existence of a relationship between the changes in the Middle East power dynamics and the jihadist terrorism, we seek to determine if the inverse relationship can be observed. Framing our analysis on the systemic rationalization scheme proposed by Kenneth Waltz, we will try to understand whether terrorism can interfere in the formation of the power dynamics by participating in them. Thus, from a neorealist analysis we seek to determine if terrorism, being influenced by changes in balance of power, can also become an agent of participation in these power dynamics and in the international system.
Terrorism is one of the biggest chalenges of the the XXI century. This research aims to provide a more insightful view about the terrorist phenomenon and in particular about the contemporary jihadist terrorism. Starting with a conceptual, historical and philosophical analysis of terrorism in general, we will adress a more concentrated study in jihadist terrorism. The subjects of this study are the ideological and religious justifications advocated by jihadism, as well as the social and political dynamics underlying the emergence of an islamic fundamentalist movement in the Middle East. From here, we will try to understand how the changes in the balance of power in the Middle East contributed to the evolution of this fundamentalist movement that culminated in the emergence of the jihadist terrorism we know today. In order to do so, this research project will analyse the main changes of regional power since the final of WWI, taking into account relevant events such as the Afghanistan War, the First and Second Gulf War, as well as the Arab Spring. Verified the existence of a relationship between the changes in the Middle East power dynamics and the jihadist terrorism, we seek to determine if the inverse relationship can be observed. Framing our analysis on the systemic rationalization scheme proposed by Kenneth Waltz, we will try to understand whether terrorism can interfere in the formation of the power dynamics by participating in them. Thus, from a neorealist analysis we seek to determine if terrorism, being influenced by changes in balance of power, can also become an agent of participation in these power dynamics and in the international system.
Description
Keywords
Balança de Poder Médio Oriente Neorrealismo Sistema Internacional Terrorismo