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Abstract(s)
Manter o bom estado de conservação das construções em geral é um interesse tanto
económico como social, pois garante a qualidade de vida e segurança dos seus
utilizadores evitando também prejuízos a quem gere a construção.
Por forma a manter um bom nível de conservação é necessário ter uma metodologia de
inspeção bem definida e o primeiro passo geralmente é a inspeção visual, sendo esta uma
das etapas principais no processo de reparação ou reabilitação de uma construção.
Quando executada de forma cuidada e completa pode fornecer um panorama geral do
estado de conservação da construção e indicar a real necessidade de intervenção.
Para que as inspeções visuais sejam realmente úteis, estas devem ser efetuadas com
frequência e garantir a inspeção de toda a envolvente da construção, o que em certos
casos se torna um problema devido à complexidade da mesma. Geralmente, em
construções de difícil acesso como pontes e edifícios altos, os meios utilizados para
inspecionar os diversos elementos da construção são dispendiosos e acarretam um risco
elevado para quem a eles recorre. Como tal, as inspeções que deveriam ser efetuadas com
frequência acabam por ser colocadas de parte devido a serem economicamente inviáveis.
De maneira a colmatar estas condicionantes, cada vez mais entidades têm recorrido a
drones para realizar os trabalhos de inspeção. Estes aparelhos são capazes de se
posicionar em zonas de difícil acesso sem risco para quem inspeciona e quando
comparados com métodos tradicionais, mostram ter um custo de utilização
extremamente inferior. No entanto, a forma como estes aparelhos têm sido utilizados
nas inspeções de construções não tem sido alvo de controlo, muitas vezes sendo
utilizados sem que exista uma preparação prévia do voo e sem conhecimento dos
regulamentos e leis existentes.
No âmbito deste trabalho de dissertação, foram analisados os principais parâmetros
associados às inspeções de construções com drones com o intuito de perceber como estes
podem influenciar os dados obtidos a quando da inspeção. Por forma a controlar estes
parâmetros e uniformizar a qualidade dos dados obtidos, elaborou-se uma proposta de
guião prático que visa auxiliar com maior rigor o operador do aparelho e o técnico que
irá realizar a inspeção desde a definição do voo até ao registo dos dados observados.
Maintaining a good state of conservation of constructions in general is an economic and social interest, as it guarantees the quality of life and the safety of users, also avoiding losses to those who manage the construction. In order to maintain a good level of conservation it is necessary to have a well-defined inspection methodology. The first step is usually the visual inspection, which is one of the main steps in the process of repair or rehabilitation of a construction. When carried out carefully and completely, it can provide an overview of the state of conservation of the construction and indicate the real need for intervention. To make visual inspections really useul, they must be carried out frequently and ensure the full inspection of the construction envelope, which in some cases becomes a problem because of the complexity of the construction. Generally, in constructions that are difficult to access, such as bridges and tall buildings, the means used to inspect the various elements of the construction are expensive and carry high risk for thosewho use them. As such, the inspections that should be carried out frequently end up being se aside because they are economically unviable. In order to overcome these constraints, more and more organisations have used drones to carry out inspection works. These devices are able to position themselfs in areas of difficult access without risk for inspectors and when compared to traditional methods, show an extremely lower cost of use. However, the way these devices have been used in construction inspections has not been subject to control, often being used without prior flight preparation and without knowledge of the existing regulations and laws. Within the scope of this master´s dissertation work, the main parameters associated with construction inspections with drones were analysed in order to understand how these can influence the data collected during inspections. In order to control these parameters and standardize the quality of the data obtained, a practical guide was developed with the propose of guiding the operator of the device and the technician who will carry out the inspection from the definition of the flight until the registration of the observed data.
Maintaining a good state of conservation of constructions in general is an economic and social interest, as it guarantees the quality of life and the safety of users, also avoiding losses to those who manage the construction. In order to maintain a good level of conservation it is necessary to have a well-defined inspection methodology. The first step is usually the visual inspection, which is one of the main steps in the process of repair or rehabilitation of a construction. When carried out carefully and completely, it can provide an overview of the state of conservation of the construction and indicate the real need for intervention. To make visual inspections really useul, they must be carried out frequently and ensure the full inspection of the construction envelope, which in some cases becomes a problem because of the complexity of the construction. Generally, in constructions that are difficult to access, such as bridges and tall buildings, the means used to inspect the various elements of the construction are expensive and carry high risk for thosewho use them. As such, the inspections that should be carried out frequently end up being se aside because they are economically unviable. In order to overcome these constraints, more and more organisations have used drones to carry out inspection works. These devices are able to position themselfs in areas of difficult access without risk for inspectors and when compared to traditional methods, show an extremely lower cost of use. However, the way these devices have been used in construction inspections has not been subject to control, often being used without prior flight preparation and without knowledge of the existing regulations and laws. Within the scope of this master´s dissertation work, the main parameters associated with construction inspections with drones were analysed in order to understand how these can influence the data collected during inspections. In order to control these parameters and standardize the quality of the data obtained, a practical guide was developed with the propose of guiding the operator of the device and the technician who will carry out the inspection from the definition of the flight until the registration of the observed data.
Description
Keywords
Drones Guião Prático Inspeção de Construções Manutenção Reabilitação