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Abstract(s)
A decisão de saída do Reino Unido da União Europeia (UE) declarou o fim de
uma relação de quatro décadas. Desde a adesão à Comunidade Económica Europeia
(CEE) que o Reino Unido ficou sempre à margem de uma ‘união cada vez mais estreita’
e ao longo de quatro décadas o país enfatizou consistentemente a sua relutância relativa
à integração europeia. Com uma forte tradição eurocética, desenvolvida desde o tempo
do Império Britânico e espelhada nas atitudes britânicas em relação ao bloco europeu,
o Brexit representou o auge de uma relação problemática e o desejo de recuperação da
soberania nacional, outrora perdida para a União. No entanto, o desenvolvimento de
um sentimento anti-imigração generalizado no debate público, afirmando a existência
de uma ameaça à cultura e à identidade nacional britânica, foi diretamente relacionado
com o princípio da livre circulação de cidadãos dos Estados-Membros da União
Europeia. A emergência deste sentimento instaurou uma preocupação constante com a
imigração e, por isso, a presente dissertação pretende investigar se este fator esteve
diretamente relacionado com a votação do Brexit, já que se encontrou fortemente
presente na campanha a favor da saída da UE.
Verificada a existência de uma relação triangular entre a imigração, o
euroceticismo e o Brexit, procurar-se-á apurar qual a influência e a relação do
euroceticismo e do sentimento anti-imigração com a decisão de saída do Reino Unido
da União Europeia. Esta análise será baseada na teoria construtivista das Relações
Internacionais, uma vez que explora o papel sociopolítico dos discursos identitários
através do método da discourse analysis, demonstrando assim a forma como esses
discursos servem os interesses e as agendas de poder dos atores a que eles recorrem.
The United Kingdom’s decision to leave the European Union represented the end of a four-decade relationship. Since it first joined the European Economic Community, the United Kingdom has always been on the margins of an 'ever closer union' and over four decades the country has consistently shown its reluctance towards further European integration. With a strong Eurosceptic tradition, developed since the golden age of British Empire and mirrored in British attitutes towards the European bloc since the 1950s, Brexit represents the height of a problematic relationship and the desire to recover national sovereignty, allegadly lost to the Union. However, the development of a widespread anti-immigration sentiment in Britain grounded on the fear for the loss of British culture and national identity is seen as directly related to the free movement of citizens across of the European Union. The emergence of this fear has led to an alarming concern around immigration. Therefore, this dissertation aims to investigate how immigration feeds into the Eurosceptic ideas that in turn seem to support the Brexit vote, given its overwhelming presence in the Leave campaign. Having verified the existence of a relationship between immigration, euroscepticism and Brexit, this dissertation analyzes the influence and relationship of Euroscepticism and anti-immigration sentiment on the UK’s decision to pull out from European Union. It does sob y employing the constructivist theory of International Relations and the method of discourse analysis, thus highlighting the socio-political role of identity discourses and how they serve the interests and power agendas of the actores involved.
The United Kingdom’s decision to leave the European Union represented the end of a four-decade relationship. Since it first joined the European Economic Community, the United Kingdom has always been on the margins of an 'ever closer union' and over four decades the country has consistently shown its reluctance towards further European integration. With a strong Eurosceptic tradition, developed since the golden age of British Empire and mirrored in British attitutes towards the European bloc since the 1950s, Brexit represents the height of a problematic relationship and the desire to recover national sovereignty, allegadly lost to the Union. However, the development of a widespread anti-immigration sentiment in Britain grounded on the fear for the loss of British culture and national identity is seen as directly related to the free movement of citizens across of the European Union. The emergence of this fear has led to an alarming concern around immigration. Therefore, this dissertation aims to investigate how immigration feeds into the Eurosceptic ideas that in turn seem to support the Brexit vote, given its overwhelming presence in the Leave campaign. Having verified the existence of a relationship between immigration, euroscepticism and Brexit, this dissertation analyzes the influence and relationship of Euroscepticism and anti-immigration sentiment on the UK’s decision to pull out from European Union. It does sob y employing the constructivist theory of International Relations and the method of discourse analysis, thus highlighting the socio-political role of identity discourses and how they serve the interests and power agendas of the actores involved.
Description
Keywords
Brexit Euroceticismo Imigração