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Abstract(s)
O mar tem um importante desenvolvimento histórico desde o mare clausum ao mare liberum. De facto, o mar pode ser considerado o embrião do direito internacional público. Embora a concepção mare liberum tenha mudado, o Alto-Mar continua a ser uma propriedade de todos. Mas, e se esse bem, para alguns público, para outros, comum, estiver comprometido? Como é que a UE olha para esta questão e que políticas tem desenvolvido para responder à pirataria? Em particular, o que pode a Operação Atalanta da União Europeia revelar-nos sobre as normas internacionais sobre pirataria e regulamentação dos mares? Embora a pirataria, por senso comum, pareça um crime do passado, homens com pernas de pau que roubam ouro e os tesouros de navios, são, hoje, um dos desafios mais importantes para a segurança marítima.
Antes que os Estados decretassem e aceitassem ser governadas pelo direito internacional, os piratas eram vistos como hostis humanis generis (inimigos de toda a humanidade), por essa razão não havia proteção legal. No presente, a pirataria tem já enquadramente legal devido à existência do direito internacional, do direito do mar e do direito humanitário. No entanto, a acusação deste crime pela comunidade internacional tem sido limitada. Por um lado, devido à existência de limitações do direito do mar e, por outro lado, devido à questão das nacionalidades envolvidas para o avaliar e julgar, efetivamente, como crime internacional.
O principal objetivo desta dissertação será a análise de como a União Europeia tem respondido à pirataria no mar, nomeadamente a pirataria somali, e o seu enquadramento na política marítima europeia e no direito marítimo internacional, nomeadamente através da missão EUNAVFOR-Atalanta.
The sea has an important historical development from mare clausum to mare liberum. In fact, the sea was the embryonic field of public international law. Although the conception mare liberum today has changed, the high seas continued to be open to all. But, what if that good, for some public, for some common is jeopardized? How does the EU look at this problem and what policies do it have to deal with piracy? In particular, what can the European Atalanta Operation reveal us concerning to piracy and seas regulation international norms? While piracy, for common sense, seem to be an offence from past, men with wooden legs who plunder gold and treasures from ships, is one of the most important challenges to maritime security nowadays. Before the nations enact and accepted to be ruled by international law, the pirates were seen as hostis humanis generis (enemy of all mankind), because of that they weren’t able to have legal protection. At the present time, seems that is not happening, due the international law, the law of the sea and humanitarian law. However, the prosecution of this crime by the international community has been constrained. In one hand because of some lacks of the law of the sea might be regarded this crime and on the other hand because of the problem of nationality involved to evaluate as crime. The central aim of this dissertation is to analyse how European Union has handled piracy at sea, namely Somali piracy, and frame with European sea policy and international sea international law.
The sea has an important historical development from mare clausum to mare liberum. In fact, the sea was the embryonic field of public international law. Although the conception mare liberum today has changed, the high seas continued to be open to all. But, what if that good, for some public, for some common is jeopardized? How does the EU look at this problem and what policies do it have to deal with piracy? In particular, what can the European Atalanta Operation reveal us concerning to piracy and seas regulation international norms? While piracy, for common sense, seem to be an offence from past, men with wooden legs who plunder gold and treasures from ships, is one of the most important challenges to maritime security nowadays. Before the nations enact and accepted to be ruled by international law, the pirates were seen as hostis humanis generis (enemy of all mankind), because of that they weren’t able to have legal protection. At the present time, seems that is not happening, due the international law, the law of the sea and humanitarian law. However, the prosecution of this crime by the international community has been constrained. In one hand because of some lacks of the law of the sea might be regarded this crime and on the other hand because of the problem of nationality involved to evaluate as crime. The central aim of this dissertation is to analyse how European Union has handled piracy at sea, namely Somali piracy, and frame with European sea policy and international sea international law.
Description
Keywords
Direito do Mar Eunavfor-Atalanta Pirataria Segurança Marítima União Europeia