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Abstract(s)
As pandemias são surtos de doenças infeciosas em grande escala que podem aumentar
a morbilidade e mortalidade numa ampla área geográfica. Em Dezembro de 2019, na
cidade de Wuhan, surgiram os primeiros casos de uma pneumonia inexplicável,
consequência de infeção por um coronavírus. O novo coronavírus foi classificado como
SARS-CoV-2 e a doença causada por ele foi designada de COVID-19. No que diz
respeito à origem zoonótica do SARS-CoV-2, os morcegos (assim como no SARS-CoV e
no MERS-CoV) são os hospedeiros naturais do vírus. Contudo, ainda não foi definido
com certeza qual é o hospedeiro intermediário do SARS-CoV-2.
O período de incubação do SARS-CoV-2 varia de um a quatorze dias e a transmissão
pessoa a pessoa ocorre por inalação de gotículas respiratórias ou aerossóis provenientes
de uma pessoa infetada, que podem ser gerados durante espirros, tosse e exalação. As
pessoas infetadas podem não desenvolver manifestações da doença (serem
assintomáticas) ou desenvolverem infeção respiratória grave (pneumonia), que em
alguns casos culmina em morte. Os sinais e sintomas típicos da COVID-19 são febre,
tosse seca, fadiga, expetoração, falta de ar e dor de garganta. Pessoas de todas as idades
são suscetíveis ao novo coronavírus, sendo que os idosos e os indivíduos com doenças
crónicas, são mais vulneráveis. Até ao momento não existe nenhum medicamento
específico que permita curar a COVID-19, nem vacina eficaz que previna a infeção por
SARS-CoV-2. A RT-PCR é, atualmente, considerada como o método de diagnóstico
laboratorial de eleição da COVID-19.
O presente trabalho teve como objetivos fazer a caracterização demográfica da
população com suspeita de infeção por SARS-CoV-2 (por género, idade e proveniência
geográfica) e a caracterização clínica dos casos estudados em contexto hospitalar no
CHUCB (sintomas de infeção respiratória, alterações hematológicas, renais e
hepáticas).
Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que a média de idades da população estudada
(n=8609), foi de 57,9 ± 22,4 anos para o sexo masculino e de 55,8 ± 22,4 anos para o
sexo feminino. Do total de casos positivos,16 foram do sexo masculino e 17 do sexo
feminino. De entre os positivos, apenas 4 foram “casos importados” e 1 veio a óbito. Do
ponto de vista clínico, a febre foi o sintoma mais frequentemente observado. No que se
refere ao estudo analítico realizado nos doentes positivos, os parâmetros de avaliação
da função hepática (AST e ALT) mostraram que, estes doentes, apresentaram alteração dos valores de normalidade das enzimas hepáticas. Os resultados revelaram também
que estes doentes apresentavam níveis elevados de PCR, principalmente ao
diagnóstico. Contudo, seria necessário uma amostragem maior, para que pudéssemos
afirmar com maior certeza estas e outras conclusões. De uma forma global, o presente
estudo mostrou que a região da Cova da Beira foi pouco afetada pela primeira vaga da
pandemia COVID-19.
Pandemics are outbreaks of large-scale infectious diseases that can increase morbidity and mortality in a wide geographical area. In December 2019, the first cases of an unexplained pneumonia appeared in the city of Wuhan, caused by a coronavirus infection. The new coronavirus was classified as SARS-CoV-2 and the disease caused by it was called COVID-19. Regarding the zoonotic origin of SARS-CoV-2, bats (as in SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV) are the natural hosts of the virus. However, the intermediate host of SARS-CoV-2 has not yet been defined with certainty. The SARS-CoV-2 incubation period varies from one to fourteen days and person-toperson transmission occurs by inhaling respiratory droplets or aerosols from infected people, which can be generated during sneezing, coughing and exhalation. Infected people may not develop symptoms of the disease (be asymptomatic) or develop severe respiratory infection (pneumonia), which in some cases culminates in death. COVID-19 typical signs and symptoms are fever, dry cough, fatigue, sputum, shortness of breath and sore throat. People of all ages are susceptible to the new coronavirus, being the elderly and individuals with chronic diseases are more vulnerable. Until now, there is no specific drug that can cure COVID-19, nor an effective vaccine that prevents SARSCoV-2 infection. RT-PCR is currently considered as the laboratory diagnosis method of choice for COVID-19. The present study aimed to make the demographic characterization of the population with suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection (by gender, age and geographical origin) and the clinical characterization of the cases studied in the hospital in CHUCB (symptoms of respiratory infection, changes hematological, renal and hepatic). The results obtained showed that the studied population average age (n = 8609) was 57.9 ± 22.4 years old for males and 55.8 ± 22.4 years old for females. Of the total positive cases, 16 were male and 17 females. Among the positive’s cases, only 4 were “imported cases” and 1 died. From a clinical point of view, fever was the most frequently observed symptom. Regarding the analytical study carried out on positive patients, the parameters for assessing liver function (AST and ALT) showed that the patients had abnormal liver enzymes values. The results also revealed that the positive patients had high levels of PCR, mainly at diagnosis. However, a larger sample would be necessary, so that we could affirm these and other conclusions with greater certainty. Overall, the present study showed that the Cova da Beira region was little affected by the first wave of the pandemic COVID-19.
Pandemics are outbreaks of large-scale infectious diseases that can increase morbidity and mortality in a wide geographical area. In December 2019, the first cases of an unexplained pneumonia appeared in the city of Wuhan, caused by a coronavirus infection. The new coronavirus was classified as SARS-CoV-2 and the disease caused by it was called COVID-19. Regarding the zoonotic origin of SARS-CoV-2, bats (as in SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV) are the natural hosts of the virus. However, the intermediate host of SARS-CoV-2 has not yet been defined with certainty. The SARS-CoV-2 incubation period varies from one to fourteen days and person-toperson transmission occurs by inhaling respiratory droplets or aerosols from infected people, which can be generated during sneezing, coughing and exhalation. Infected people may not develop symptoms of the disease (be asymptomatic) or develop severe respiratory infection (pneumonia), which in some cases culminates in death. COVID-19 typical signs and symptoms are fever, dry cough, fatigue, sputum, shortness of breath and sore throat. People of all ages are susceptible to the new coronavirus, being the elderly and individuals with chronic diseases are more vulnerable. Until now, there is no specific drug that can cure COVID-19, nor an effective vaccine that prevents SARSCoV-2 infection. RT-PCR is currently considered as the laboratory diagnosis method of choice for COVID-19. The present study aimed to make the demographic characterization of the population with suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection (by gender, age and geographical origin) and the clinical characterization of the cases studied in the hospital in CHUCB (symptoms of respiratory infection, changes hematological, renal and hepatic). The results obtained showed that the studied population average age (n = 8609) was 57.9 ± 22.4 years old for males and 55.8 ± 22.4 years old for females. Of the total positive cases, 16 were male and 17 females. Among the positive’s cases, only 4 were “imported cases” and 1 died. From a clinical point of view, fever was the most frequently observed symptom. Regarding the analytical study carried out on positive patients, the parameters for assessing liver function (AST and ALT) showed that the patients had abnormal liver enzymes values. The results also revealed that the positive patients had high levels of PCR, mainly at diagnosis. However, a larger sample would be necessary, so that we could affirm these and other conclusions with greater certainty. Overall, the present study showed that the Cova da Beira region was little affected by the first wave of the pandemic COVID-19.
Description
Keywords
Coronavírus Covid-19 Estudo Analítico Sars-Cov-2 Sintomas