Publication
The influence of sport on the physical fitness, quality of life and well-being of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities
| datacite.subject.fos | CiĆŖncias Sociais::CiĆŖncias do Desporto | |
| dc.contributor.advisor | Antunes, RaĆŗl de Sousa Nogueira | |
| dc.contributor.advisor | Costa, Aldo Filipe Matos Moreira Carvalho da | |
| dc.contributor.author | Diz, Susana Cristina Oliveira | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2025-12-22T16:23:59Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2025-12-22T16:23:59Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2025-11-19 | |
| dc.description.abstract | This PhD thesis consists of a research project divided into six separate studies and looks at the following variables: sport, quality of life (QoL), well-being, functional physical fitness, and body composition in people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). In order to contextualise the study population, it is important to note that IDD is characterised by limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behaviour, which are expressed in conceptual, practical and social domains. It can present different degrees of severity and manifest itself up to the age of 22. After a brief introduction in chapter one, chapter two consists of a systematic review (study 1 - Physical Activity, Quality of Life and Well-Being in Individuals with Intellectual and Developmental Disability), which aims to analyse the state of the art on the role of physical activity (PA), physical exercise (PE) and sport in QoL and well-being in people with IDD. Three databases were used to conduct the research: PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus, and fifteen articles met the eligibility criteria for the study. After analysing the articles, higher values were identified in the total QoL score and in some of its domains (e.g., personal development, physical well-being and emotional well-being), in life satisfaction and in the perception of well-being in people with IDD who have benefited or benefit from PA, PE and/or sports programmes. The third chapter contains a cross-sectional study (study 2 - Functional fitness and quality of life in people with intellectual and developmental disabilities: an exploratory study) that aims to analyse functional physical fitness and QoL, as well as the associations between these variables, in a sample population with IDD, composed of 37 individuals. The results demonstrate an association between specific functional abilities and physical well-being, suggesting that promoting these skills can positively influence the physical well-being of the sample. The narrative review (study 3 - The use of control groups in research design: the ethical challenge in the population with intellectual and developmental disabilities), which corresponds to the fourth chapter, addresses the ethical challenges in the use of control groups in research projects. In the studies analysed on populations with IDD, it was possible to verify that most researchers favour the use of control groups that, during the research period, do not perform any activities beyond their usual daily activities. It was also possible to verify that, for the most part, the authors ensure compliance with ethical standards in studies involving human subjects. The fifth chapter, the study protocol (study 4 - The Effects of a Multi-Sports Programme on the Physical Fitness, Quality of Life, and Well-Being of People with Intellectual and Developmental DisabilitiesāA Study Protocol), describes the intervention programme to be implemented in the experimental studies, based on the practice of sports for people with IDD, with the aim of analysing its effects on body composition, functional physical fitness, QoL, and well-being. In the present study, it is stated that the convenience sample should consist of at least 24 adult participants, institutionalised, with a previous diagnosis of IDD and no associated comorbidities (e.g., visual impairment or cerebral palsy). Participants will be divided into two groups: experimental and control, with the experimental group (EG) enjoying a weekly 60-minute session for 36 weeks. The sixth chapter and first intervention study (study 5 - The effect of practising sports on the quality of life and well-being of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities) aims to analyse the effect of an intervention based on practising sports on the QoL and well-being of people with IDD. The sample consisted of 36 participants with IDD in an institutional setting, divided into two groups: the EG, composed of 23 participants, and the control group (CG), with 13 individuals. After the intervention programme, significant improvements were observed in the EG participants in the domains of self-determination, social inclusion and physical well-being of QoL, as well as in life satisfaction and negative affect. In turn, the seventh and final study (study 6 - The effect of practising sports on the body composition and physical fitness of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities) aims to analyse the effect of an intervention based on the practice of sports on the body composition and functional physical fitness of people with IDD. After the intervention programme, significant improvements were observed in the comparison between the pre-intervention and post-intervention moments in the participants of the EG in body mass index (BMI), muscle mass, sit-to-stand test and 6-minute walk test. This research reinforces the importance of PA and sports as a vehicle for improving the health, QoL, well-being, and physical fitness of people with IDD. Although still scarce, there is a growing interest in sports for people with disabilities and their benefits. In this sense, the importance of integrating this type of intervention into institutional and community contexts is increasingly evident. It is therefore essential that exercise technicians, institutions and local authorities actively contribute to the implementation of projects of this nature and, equally important, to their continuity over time. | eng |
| dc.description.abstract | A presente tese de doutoramento consiste num projeto de investigaĆ§Ć£o, dividido em seis estudos distintos e analisa as seguintes variĆ”veis: desporto, qualidade de vida (QdV), bem-estar, aptidĆ£o fĆsica funcional e composiĆ§Ć£o corporal em pessoas com dificuldade intelectual e desenvolvimental (DID). Com a intenĆ§Ć£o de contextualizar a populaĆ§Ć£o em estudo, torna-se relevante referir que a DID Ć© caraterizada por limitaƧƵes no funcionamento intelectual e no comportamento adaptativo, que se expressam nos domĆnios conceptuais, prĆ”ticos e sociais. Pode apresentar diferentes graus de severidade e expressar-se atĆ© aos 22 anos de idade. ApĆ³s uma breve introduĆ§Ć£o no capĆtulo um, o capĆtulo dois Ć© composto por uma revisĆ£o sistemĆ”tica (estudo 1 - Physical Activity, Quality of Live and Well-Being in Individuals with Intellectual and Developmental Disability) que pretende analisar o estado da arte sobre o papel da atividade fĆsica (AF), do exercĆcio fĆsico (EF) e do desporto na QdV e bem-estar das pessoas com DID. Para a realizaĆ§Ć£o da pesquisa, foram utilizadas trĆŖs bases de dados bibliogrĆ”ficas (PubMed, Web of Science e Scopus) e quinze artigos que cumpriram os critĆ©rios de elegibilidade para o estudo. ApĆ³s a analise dos artigos, foram identificados valores mais elevados na pontuaĆ§Ć£o total da QdV e em alguns dos seus domĆnios (e.g., desenvolvimento pessoal, bem-estar fĆsico e bem-estar emocional), na satisfaĆ§Ć£o com a vida e na perceĆ§Ć£o de bem-estar em pessoas com DID que usufruĆram ou usufruem de programas de AF, EF e/ou desportos. No terceiro capĆtulo, pode ser encontrado um estudo transversal (estudo 2 - Functional fitness and quality of life in people with intellectual and developmental disabilities: an exploratory study) que visa analisar a aptidĆ£o fĆsica funcional e a QdV, assim como as associaƧƵes entre estas variĆ”veis, de um grupo amostral de 37 indivĆduos com DID. Os resultados demonstram uma associaĆ§Ć£o entre capacidades funcionais especificas e o bem-estar fĆsico, sugerindo que a promoĆ§Ć£o destas competĆŖncias pode influenciar positivamente o bem-estar fĆsico da amostra. A revisĆ£o narrativa (estudo 3 - The use of control group in research design: the ethical challenge in the population with intellectual and developmental disabilities), que corresponde ao quarto capĆtulo, aborda os desafios Ć©ticos na utilizaĆ§Ć£o de grupos de controlo em projetos de investigaĆ§Ć£o. Nos estudos analisados sobre populaƧƵes com DID, foi possĆvel verificar que a maioria dos investigadores privilegia a utilizaĆ§Ć£o de grupos de controlo que, durante o perĆodo de investigaĆ§Ć£o, nĆ£o realizam qualquer atividade para alĆ©m das atividades habituais da sua vida quotidiana. TambĆ©m foi possĆvel verificar que, na sua maioria, os autores asseguram o seguimento das normas Ć©ticas em estudos com seres humanos. O quinto capĆtulo, o protocolo de estudo (estudo 4 - The Effects of a Multi-Sports Program on the Physical Fitness, Quality of Life, and Well-Being of People with Intellectual and Developmental DisabilitiesāA Study Protocol), retrata o programa de intervenĆ§Ć£o, a ser implementado nos estudos experimentais, baseado na prĆ”tica de modalidades desportivas para pessoas com DID, com o objetivo de analisar os seus efeitos na composiĆ§Ć£o corporal, aptidĆ£o fĆsica funcional, QdV e bem-estar. No presente estudo Ć© referido que a amostra, de conveniĆŖncia, deverĆ” ser constituĆda por pelo menos 24 participantes adultos, institucionalizados, com um diagnĆ³stico prĆ©vio de DID e sem comorbilidades associadas (e.g., deficiĆŖncia visual ou paralisia cerebral). Os participantes deverĆ£o ser divididos em dois grupos: experimental e controlo, sendo que o grupo experimental (GE) deverĆ” usufruir de uma sessĆ£o semanal, com a duraĆ§Ć£o de 60 minutos, durante 36 semanas. O sexto capĆtulo e primeiro estudo de intervenĆ§Ć£o (estudo 5 - The effect of practising sports on the quality of life and well-being of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities), tem como objetivo analisar o efeito de uma intervenĆ§Ć£o baseada na prĆ”tica de modalidades desportivas na QdV e no bem-estar de pessoas com DID. A amostra foi constituĆda por 36 participantes com DID, em contexto de instituiĆ§Ć£o, divididos em dois grupos: o GE, composto por 23 participantes e o grupo de controlo (GC), com 13 indivĆduos. ApĆ³s o programa de intervenĆ§Ć£o, foram observadas melhorias significativas nos participantes do GE nos domĆnios da autodeterminaĆ§Ć£o, inclusĆ£o social e bem-estar fĆsico da QdV e na satisfaĆ§Ć£o com a vida e afetos negativos. Por sua vez, o sĆ©timo capĆtulo e Ćŗltimo estudo (estudo 6 - The effect of practising sports on the body composition and physical fitness of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities), tem como objetivo analisar o efeito de uma intervenĆ§Ć£o baseada na prĆ”tica de modalidades desportivas na composiĆ§Ć£o corporal e aptidĆ£o fĆsica funcional de pessoas com DID. ApĆ³s o programa de intervenĆ§Ć£o, foram observadas melhorias significativas nos participantes do GE (na comparaĆ§Ć£o entre o momento prĆ©-intervenĆ§Ć£o e o momento pĆ³s-intervenĆ§Ć£o) no Ćndice de massa corporal (IMC), massa muscular, teste de sentar e levantar e 6 minutos a caminhar. A presente investigaĆ§Ć£o reforƧa a importĆ¢ncia da prĆ”tica de AF e desporto como veĆculo condutor para a melhoria da saĆŗde, QdV, bem-estar e aptidĆ£o fĆsica das pessoas com DID. Apesar do estado da arte ainda ser limitado, Ć© notĆ³rio o crescente interesse pela Ć”rea do desporto para pessoas com deficiĆŖncia e dos seus benefĆcios. Nesse sentido, Ć© cada vez mais evidente a importĆ¢ncia da integraĆ§Ć£o deste tipo de intervenƧƵes em contextos institucionais e comunitĆ”rios. Assim, Ć© essencial que os tĆ©cnicos de exercĆcio fĆsico, as instituiƧƵes de apoio a esta populaĆ§Ć£o e as autarquias locais contribuam ativamente para a implementaĆ§Ć£o de projetos desta natureza e desenvolvam, em conjunto, as melhores estratĆ©gias para garantir a continuidade na prĆ”tica. | por |
| dc.identifier.tid | 101758170 | |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/19610 | |
| dc.language.iso | eng | |
| dc.rights.uri | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ | |
| dc.subject | Dificuldade Intelectual e Desenvolvimental | |
| dc.subject | Desporto | |
| dc.subject | Qualidade De Vida | |
| dc.subject | Bem-Estar | |
| dc.subject | AptidĆ£o FĆsica | |
| dc.subject | ComposiĆ§Ć£o Corporal | |
| dc.subject | Intellectual and Developmental Disability | |
| dc.subject | Sport | |
| dc.subject | Quality of Life | |
| dc.subject | Well-Being | |
| dc.subject | Physical Fitness | |
| dc.subject | Body Composition | |
| dc.title | The influence of sport on the physical fitness, quality of life and well-being of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities | por |
| dc.type | doctoral thesis | |
| dspace.entity.type | Publication | |
| person.familyName | Diz | |
| person.givenName | Susana Cristina Oliveira | |
| person.identifier.ciencia-id | 0F1D-273B-48BD | |
| person.identifier.orcid | 0009-0006-7313-532X | |
| relation.isAuthorOfPublication | 62c0eaea-cf51-40ab-8666-ff1d41f80f1a | |
| relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery | 62c0eaea-cf51-40ab-8666-ff1d41f80f1a | |
| thesis.degree.name | Doutoramento em CiĆŖncias do Desporto |
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