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Introduc¸a~o: As Perturbações do Comportamento Alimentar são patologias
psiquiátricas que afetam um número crescente de pessoas em todo mundo, sobretudo
adolescentes e jovens adultos do sexo feminino. Causam prejuízos psicossociais,
funcionais e profissionais significativos, além de apresentarem elevada
morbimortalidade e maior utilização dos serviços de saúde. Por toda a carga negativa que
exercem na sociedade, é de extrema importância conhecer as possíveis causas e os fatores
de risco para estas patologias. Um fator de risco social conhecido é o uso de redes sociais.
Estas plataformas possuem um número cada vez maior de utilizadores e por isso tornase importante compreender os efeitos que a sua utilização pode ter no desenvolvimento
e manutenção destas patologias.
Objetivos: Esta revisa~o da literatura pretende descrever a evide^ncia cienti´fica existente
no que concerne ao papel que as redes sociais desempenham no desenvolvimento,
manifestação e perpetuação das Perturbações do Comportamento Alimentar em jovens
adultos.
Me´todos: Tendo em conta o objetivo foi feita uma pesquisa na base de dados PubMed.
Esta pesquisa foi efetuada entre setembro de 2022 e janeiro de 2023, e incluiu estudos
publicados a partir de 1 de janeiro de 2009 sobre a relação entre a utilização das redes
sociais e as Perturbações do Comportamento Alimentar em jovens adultos. Apo´s a
aplicac¸a~o dos crite´rios de inclusa~o e exclusa~o, foram inclui´dos no presente trabalho um
total de 18 artigos. Finda a extrac¸a~o dos dados dos artigos selecionados, procedeu-se a`
si´ntese narrativa e discussa~o dos principais resultados encontrados.
Resultados: O uso das redes sociais pelos jovens adultos possui efeitos discrepantes no
que diz respeito às Perturbações do Comportamento Alimentar. Tanto promove um
ambiente seguro onde muitos jovens se sentem compreendidos e protegidos, prevenindo
o seu aparecimento em indivíduos vulneráveis ou promovendo a recuperação dos que já
possuem um diagnóstico definido, como também aumenta o número de indivíduos com
Perturbações do Comportamento Alimentar, contribuindo para o seu desenvolvimento,
agravamento e manutenção, através da exposição a um ideal de beleza irrealista e
inalcançável, aumentando a comparação e competição com outros indivíduos,
diminuindo a autoestima dos seus utilizadores e aumentando a insatisfação corporal dos
mesmos. Muitos fenómenos online como as comunidades Pro-ED, a “thinspiration”, a
“fitspiration”, o “mukbang”, os criadores de conteúdo digital e o “clean eating”
revelaram ter um papel importante nesta relação. A pandemia COVID-19 veio isolar a população levando à necessidade de maior utilização das redes sociais para comunicar,
trabalhar e para conduzir o tratamento a um maior número de indivíduos, provocando
os efeitos associados ao aumento do uso das redes sociais, mas também, fornecendo
formas de tratamento online inovadoras e fundamentais neste período.
Conclusa~o: A presente revisa~o da literatura veio salientar que as redes sociais são
ferramentas importantes e que possuem uma enorme utilidade, contudo, também
acarretam perigos no que toca à manutenção e desenvolvimento das Perturbações do
Comportamento Alimentar em jovens adultos. Por estes motivos, é essencial tomar
medidas para resolver este problema, otimizando os fatores protetores e promissores
para o tratamento destas patologias e eliminando os fatores que podem fomentar o
aumento do número de indivíduos que sofrem destas patologias.
Introduction: Eating Disorders are psychiatric pathologies that affect a growing number of people worldwide, especially adolescents and young female adults. They cause significant psychosocial, functional and professional damage, in addition to presenting high morbidity and mortality and greater use of health services. For all the negative burden it exerts on society, it is extremely important to know the possible causes and risk factors for these pathologies. A known social risk factor is the use of social networks. These platforms have an increasing number of users and therefore it is important to understand the effects that their use can have on the development and maintenance of these pathologies. Purpose: This literature review aims to describe the existing scientific evidence regarding the role that social networks play in the development, manifestation and perpetuation of Eating Disorders in young adults. Methods: Taking into account the objective, a search was carried out in the PubMed database. This research was conducted between September 2022 and January 2023, and included studies published from January 1, 2009 on the relationship between social media use and Eating Disorders in young adults. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 18 articles were included in this study. After extracting the data from the selected articles, the narrative synthesis and discussion of the main results found were carried out. Results: The use of social networks by young adults has discrepant effects with regard to feeding and eating disorders. It promotes a safe environment where many young people feel understood and protected, preventing its appearance in vulnerable individuals or promoting the recovery of those who already have a diagnosis, but also increases the number of individuals with feeding and eating disorders, contributing to their development, worsening and maintenance, through exposure to an unrealistic and unattainable ideal of beauty, increasing comparison and competition with other individuals, reducing users' self-esteem and increasing their body dissatisfaction. Many online phenomena such as Pro-ED communities, “thinspiration”, “fitspiration”, “mukbang”, influencers and “clean eating” revealed to have an important role in this relationship. The COVID-19 pandemic has isolated the population, leading to the need of greater use of social networks to communicate, to work and to take treatment to a greater number of individuals, causing the effects associated with the increased use of social media, but also providing innovative and fundamental forms of online treatment in this period. Conclusion: This literature review highlighted that social networks are important tools that are extremely useful, however, they also pose dangers in terms of the maintenance and development of eating disorders in young adults. For these reasons, it is essential to take measures to solve this problem, optimizing the protective and promising factors for the treatment of these pathologies and eliminating the factors that can encourage the increase in the number of individuals suffering from these pathologies.
Introduction: Eating Disorders are psychiatric pathologies that affect a growing number of people worldwide, especially adolescents and young female adults. They cause significant psychosocial, functional and professional damage, in addition to presenting high morbidity and mortality and greater use of health services. For all the negative burden it exerts on society, it is extremely important to know the possible causes and risk factors for these pathologies. A known social risk factor is the use of social networks. These platforms have an increasing number of users and therefore it is important to understand the effects that their use can have on the development and maintenance of these pathologies. Purpose: This literature review aims to describe the existing scientific evidence regarding the role that social networks play in the development, manifestation and perpetuation of Eating Disorders in young adults. Methods: Taking into account the objective, a search was carried out in the PubMed database. This research was conducted between September 2022 and January 2023, and included studies published from January 1, 2009 on the relationship between social media use and Eating Disorders in young adults. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 18 articles were included in this study. After extracting the data from the selected articles, the narrative synthesis and discussion of the main results found were carried out. Results: The use of social networks by young adults has discrepant effects with regard to feeding and eating disorders. It promotes a safe environment where many young people feel understood and protected, preventing its appearance in vulnerable individuals or promoting the recovery of those who already have a diagnosis, but also increases the number of individuals with feeding and eating disorders, contributing to their development, worsening and maintenance, through exposure to an unrealistic and unattainable ideal of beauty, increasing comparison and competition with other individuals, reducing users' self-esteem and increasing their body dissatisfaction. Many online phenomena such as Pro-ED communities, “thinspiration”, “fitspiration”, “mukbang”, influencers and “clean eating” revealed to have an important role in this relationship. The COVID-19 pandemic has isolated the population, leading to the need of greater use of social networks to communicate, to work and to take treatment to a greater number of individuals, causing the effects associated with the increased use of social media, but also providing innovative and fundamental forms of online treatment in this period. Conclusion: This literature review highlighted that social networks are important tools that are extremely useful, however, they also pose dangers in terms of the maintenance and development of eating disorders in young adults. For these reasons, it is essential to take measures to solve this problem, optimizing the protective and promising factors for the treatment of these pathologies and eliminating the factors that can encourage the increase in the number of individuals suffering from these pathologies.
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Keywords
Imagem Corporal Jovens Adultos Perturbações do Comportamento Alimentar Redes Sociais Tende^Ncias Online