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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A violência doméstica contra as mulheres é um fenómeno social complexo, multidimensional e transversal. A sua persistência na sociedade contemporânea é expressão das assimetrias de poder ainda existentes entre os géneros, e como outras formas de desigualdade, tem impactos na saúde, neste caso das vítimas, tendo a Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) considerado tratar-se de uma questão de saúde pública. Neste contexto, a presente investigação procura contribuir para o conhecimento deste fenómeno, ao propor-se analisar os impactos em saúde da violência doméstica contra as mulheres, tanto a partir da perspetiva das vítimas, como a partir da perspetiva dos profissionais de saúde. Pretende, ainda, analisar o modo como as vítimas avaliam a intervenção destes profissionais, no que à violência doméstica diz respeito, bem como o modo como estes configuram a sua intervenção, procurando recensear as potencialidades e os condicionalismos que reconhecem à prática profissional neste domínio.
Para dar resposta a estes objetivos, optou-se por uma metodologia de carácter qualitativo, tendo-se recorrido à realização de entrevistas a mulheres vítimas de violência doméstica e de focus-group com profissionais de saúde do Agrupamento de Centros de Saúde (ACeS) da Cova da Beira, assim como à análise de documentos relevantes.
Relativamente às mulheres vítimas de violência doméstica, conclui-se sobre a existência de regularidades nas suas histórias de vida, resultado de vivências prolongadas de situações de violência, que nalguns casos se iniciaram logo na infância. A permanência numa relação abusiva, resultado de dependência financeira, da vergonha em assumir a sua situação ou da falta de apoio, impactou negativamente na sua saúde e bem-estar, com consequências duradouras a nível físico, mas também e sobretudo a nível psicológico. Reconhecem a omissão da situação de violência junto dos profissionais de saúde, mas consideram que deveria existir mais empatia e preparação por parte destes para lidar com potenciais vítimas de violência doméstica.
No que diz respeito aos profissionais de saúde, as evidências empíricas obtidas permitem concluir que a intervenção em saúde nas vítimas de violência doméstica ainda carece da ultrapassagem do modelo biomédico em que assenta, o que exige uma outra conceção de saúde e de intervenção em saúde neste domínio; que a formação em violência doméstica é escassa, tanto em contexto académico como em contexto profissional, o que é impeditivo de um adequado atendimento clínico integrado; pela falta de informação dos profissionais de saúde sobre os recursos disponíveis, bem como da inexistência de um guião de atendimento protocolado emitido pelas autoridades de saúde, o que gera incerteza e ansiedade na atuação destes profissionais.
Domestic violence against women is a complex, multi-dimensional and transversal social problem. Its persistence in contemporary society is an expression of power asymmetries that still exist between the sexes, and like other forms of inequality, it has impacts on health, in this case that of the victims, with the World Health Organisation (WHO) considering it a public health issue. This research aims to contribute to knowledge of this phenomenon, by proposing to analyse the impacts on health of domestic violence against women, from the perspectives of both victims and health professionals. The intention is also to analyse how victims assess these professionals’ intervention, regarding domestic violence, and how the latter configure their intervention, seeking to enumerate the possibilities and impediments they recognise in professional practice in this area. To fulfil these objectives, qualitative methodology was adopted, interviewing female victims of domestic violence and a focus group with health professionals from the AC&S of Cova da Beira, as well as analysis of relevant documents. Regarding the female victims of domestic violence, we concluded that there are regularities in their life stories, resulting from prolonged experiences of situations of violence, which in some cases started in childhood. Staying in an abusive relationship, resulting from economic dependence, the shame in assuming their situation or the lack of support, had a negative impact on their health and well-being, with long-lasting consequences at a physical level, but also and above all at a psychological level. They recognised the omission of the situation of violence from the health professionals but considered that there should be more empathy and preparation on their part to deal with potential victims of domestic violence. As for the health professionals, the empirical evidence obtained leads to the conclusion that intervention in the health of victims of domestic violence still needs to go beyond the bio-medical model it is based on. This requires another conception of health and health intervention in this area. Training in domestic violence is scarce in both the academic and professional context, which prevents appropriate, integrated clinical treatment. Health professionals lack information about the resources available, and no treatment protocol has been issued by the health authorities, which creates uncertainty and anxiety in these professionals’ work.
Domestic violence against women is a complex, multi-dimensional and transversal social problem. Its persistence in contemporary society is an expression of power asymmetries that still exist between the sexes, and like other forms of inequality, it has impacts on health, in this case that of the victims, with the World Health Organisation (WHO) considering it a public health issue. This research aims to contribute to knowledge of this phenomenon, by proposing to analyse the impacts on health of domestic violence against women, from the perspectives of both victims and health professionals. The intention is also to analyse how victims assess these professionals’ intervention, regarding domestic violence, and how the latter configure their intervention, seeking to enumerate the possibilities and impediments they recognise in professional practice in this area. To fulfil these objectives, qualitative methodology was adopted, interviewing female victims of domestic violence and a focus group with health professionals from the AC&S of Cova da Beira, as well as analysis of relevant documents. Regarding the female victims of domestic violence, we concluded that there are regularities in their life stories, resulting from prolonged experiences of situations of violence, which in some cases started in childhood. Staying in an abusive relationship, resulting from economic dependence, the shame in assuming their situation or the lack of support, had a negative impact on their health and well-being, with long-lasting consequences at a physical level, but also and above all at a psychological level. They recognised the omission of the situation of violence from the health professionals but considered that there should be more empathy and preparation on their part to deal with potential victims of domestic violence. As for the health professionals, the empirical evidence obtained leads to the conclusion that intervention in the health of victims of domestic violence still needs to go beyond the bio-medical model it is based on. This requires another conception of health and health intervention in this area. Training in domestic violence is scarce in both the academic and professional context, which prevents appropriate, integrated clinical treatment. Health professionals lack information about the resources available, and no treatment protocol has been issued by the health authorities, which creates uncertainty and anxiety in these professionals’ work.
Description
Keywords
Violência doméstica Desigualdade de género Saúde Profissionais de saúde Intervenção em saúde