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Abstract(s)
A cannabis é a droga mais usada a nível mundial. O seu consumo está associado a vários
efeitos psicopatológicos, que têm sido estudados pelo menos desde o século XIX. As
prevalências de consumo têm vindo a aumentar em Portugal e no resto do mundo,
observando-se também um aumento do rácio THC/CBD.
Tendo em conta a tendência para o aumento do consumo de cannabis que se tem observado,
a par do aumento de países que legalizam esse consumo para fins médicos e/ou recreativos,
considerou-se pertinente rever de que forma a cannabis poderia afetar os seus
consumidores.
Foram recolhidos artigos de revisão publicados nos últimos 10 anos na base de dados
PubMed, bem como relatórios relativos ao consumo de cannabis.
Foi encontrada evidência que estabelece uma relação entre o consumo de cannabis e o
desenvolvimento de efeitos psicopatológicos, como intoxicação por cannabis, perturbação
psicótica aguda e transitória, esquizofrenia, estando também associado a depressão,
ansiedade, síndrome amotivacional dos canabinoides e efeitos cognitivos. Estes efeitos são
modificados por vários fatores, nomeadamente fatores genéticos, dose de exposição, idade
de início do consumo e fatores ambientais.
Ainda que o consumo de cannabis não seja suficiente nem necessário para o
desenvolvimento de perturbações psicopatológicas, é evidente que há uma relação. Apesar
de a maioria dos consumidores não sofrer efeitos adversos graves, há uma minoria que
acaba por necessitar de cuidados hospitalares que consomem bastantes recursos. É, então,
importante reter que esta não é uma substância segura e investir em ações de saúde pública
que promovam o conhecimento destes riscos.
Cannabis is the most widely used drug worldwide. Its use has been associated with several psychopathological effects, which have been studied at least since the XIX century. The prevalence of use has been rising both in Portugal and worldwide, simultaneously to a rise in the THC/CBD ratio. Given the observed tendency to increase the use of cannabis, as well as the rise in the number of countries that have legalized its use for medical or recreative purposes, it seemed relevant to review in what way cannabis could affect its users. Review articles published on the PubMed database in the last ten years were used, as well as reports regarding cannabis use. Evidence was found supporting a relationship between cannabis use and the development of psychopathological effects, such as cannabis intoxication, acute and transient psychotic disorder, schizophrenia, as well as an association to depression, anxiety, cannabinoid amotivational syndrome and cognitive effects. These effects are modified by several factors, such as genetics, dose of exposure, age of onset of use and environmental factors. Even though cannabis use is not sufficient or necessary to develop psychopathological disorders, the existence of a relationship is clear. Although most users don’t suffer severe adverse effects, a minority will need intense medical care. It is, therefore, important to note that this is not a safe drug and to invest in public health campaigns that ensure awareness of these risks.
Cannabis is the most widely used drug worldwide. Its use has been associated with several psychopathological effects, which have been studied at least since the XIX century. The prevalence of use has been rising both in Portugal and worldwide, simultaneously to a rise in the THC/CBD ratio. Given the observed tendency to increase the use of cannabis, as well as the rise in the number of countries that have legalized its use for medical or recreative purposes, it seemed relevant to review in what way cannabis could affect its users. Review articles published on the PubMed database in the last ten years were used, as well as reports regarding cannabis use. Evidence was found supporting a relationship between cannabis use and the development of psychopathological effects, such as cannabis intoxication, acute and transient psychotic disorder, schizophrenia, as well as an association to depression, anxiety, cannabinoid amotivational syndrome and cognitive effects. These effects are modified by several factors, such as genetics, dose of exposure, age of onset of use and environmental factors. Even though cannabis use is not sufficient or necessary to develop psychopathological disorders, the existence of a relationship is clear. Although most users don’t suffer severe adverse effects, a minority will need intense medical care. It is, therefore, important to note that this is not a safe drug and to invest in public health campaigns that ensure awareness of these risks.
Description
Keywords
Cannabis Esquizofrenia Psicose