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Abstract(s)
Introdução: O desenvolvimento do paĂs e do mundo tende a que os jovens tenham cada vez mais estudos, emancipando-se mais tarde. Neste contexto, uma gravidez na adolescĂȘncia pode causar graves transtornos para a jovem adolescente e seu ambiente circundante.
Objectivos: Pretendeu-se com este estudo compreender o impacto da gravidez na adolescĂȘncia no Distrito da Guarda a nĂvel de incidĂȘncia e consequĂȘncias obstĂ©tricas, fetais e biopsicossocias. Foi, ainda, objecto de estudo a caracterização do perfil das adolescentes e a identificação de factores predisponentes.
Metodologia: Foram analisados 187 processos clĂnicos e inquiridas 41 parturientes adolescentes no Hospital de Sousa Martins, entre 2001 e 2006.
Resultados: Neste perĂodo a Taxa de fecundidade na adolescĂȘncia reduziu 41,5%. Verificou-se uma idade mĂ©dia das parturientes de 17,1 anos e de inĂcio da actividade sexual de 14,5 anos. Constatou-se que 85% tinham 6 ou menos anos de escolaridade, 56% tinham poucos conhecimentos sobre sexualidade e contracepção e que unicamente 5% usava sempre contracepção. Ocorreu atraso e deficiĂȘncia na vigilĂąncia prĂ©-natal. Comparando a população adolescente com a geral, na população adolescente a probabilidade de parto prĂ©-termo e de baixo peso foram, respectivamente, 3 e 1,22 vezes superiores, sendo na população geral a probabilidade de cesariana 1,22 vezes superior. Houve precipitação do matrimĂłnio em 37% dos casos. Verificou-se aumento da responsabilidade e alteração da atitude face Ă contracepção e seguimento mĂ©dico.
ConclusĂŁo: O estudo permitiu-nos concluir que houve redução da incidĂȘncia da gravidez na adolescĂȘncia. Constituem factores de risco a baixa escolaridade, precocidade do inĂcio da actividade sexual, precariedade dos conhecimentos sobre sexualidade e contracepção, negligĂȘncia no uso de contracepção, casamento precoce e ausĂȘncia de planos. A gravidez na adolescĂȘncia associa-se a um atraso e uma vigilĂąncia prĂ©-natal inadequadas e a um risco aumentado de parto prĂ©-termo e baixo peso ao nascer, nĂŁo estando associada ao risco aumentado de cesariana. As principais consequĂȘncias biopsicossociais foram o abandono escolar, dependĂȘncia de terceiros, precipitação do casamento, interrupção voluntĂĄria da gravidez, atraso no conhecimento e comunicação da gravidez, alteração do estado laboral e mudança de atitude relativamente Ă contracepção e seguimento mĂ©dico.
Introduction: The development of a country and the world makes that young people have more studies, delaying their emancipation. In this context, the teenage pregnancy can cause serious inconveniences for young adolescents and their surrounding environment. Objectives: With this study, we tried to understand the impact of teenage pregnancy in the District of Guarda, at level of incidence and obstetric, foetal and psychosocial consequences. It was also studied the profile of this adolescents and the identification of risk factors. Methodology: 187 medical records were analyzed and were questioned 41 adolescent mothers admitted in Hospital Sousa Martins, between 2001 and 2006. Results: In this period, Fertility Rate in Adolescence decreased 41.5%. It was verified that the average age of parturient women was 17.1 years old and that the initiation of sexual activity was 14.5 years old. It was found that 85% had 6 or less years of schooling, 56% had little knowledge about sexuality and contraception and only 5% of those women always used contraception. Not only there was a delay but also a deficiency in prenatal vigilance and 53% of the adolescents had less than 5 medical visits. Comparing the adolescent population with the general population, the pre-term birth probability was 3 times higher and the low weight birth probability was 1.22 times higher, although in the general population the probability of cesarean was1.22 times higher than the adolescent population. 37% of the studied cases precipitated into marriage. There was accountability and change of attitude towards contraception and medical follow. Conclusion: The study allowed us to conclude that there was a reduction on the incidence of pregnancy in adolescence. Low education, early initiation of sexual activity, precariousness of knowledge about sexuality and contraception, negligence in the use of contraception, early marriage and lack of plans, constitute risk factors. The pregnancy in adolescence is associated with a delay and an inadequate prenatal vigilance and to an increased risk of pre-term birth and low birth weight, not being associated with the increased risk of caesarean. The main psychosocial consequences were: school dropout, dependence of third parties, precipitation into marriage, voluntary interruption of pregnancy, delay in communication and knowledge of pregnancy, change of employment status and change of attitude towards contraception and medical follow.
Introduction: The development of a country and the world makes that young people have more studies, delaying their emancipation. In this context, the teenage pregnancy can cause serious inconveniences for young adolescents and their surrounding environment. Objectives: With this study, we tried to understand the impact of teenage pregnancy in the District of Guarda, at level of incidence and obstetric, foetal and psychosocial consequences. It was also studied the profile of this adolescents and the identification of risk factors. Methodology: 187 medical records were analyzed and were questioned 41 adolescent mothers admitted in Hospital Sousa Martins, between 2001 and 2006. Results: In this period, Fertility Rate in Adolescence decreased 41.5%. It was verified that the average age of parturient women was 17.1 years old and that the initiation of sexual activity was 14.5 years old. It was found that 85% had 6 or less years of schooling, 56% had little knowledge about sexuality and contraception and only 5% of those women always used contraception. Not only there was a delay but also a deficiency in prenatal vigilance and 53% of the adolescents had less than 5 medical visits. Comparing the adolescent population with the general population, the pre-term birth probability was 3 times higher and the low weight birth probability was 1.22 times higher, although in the general population the probability of cesarean was1.22 times higher than the adolescent population. 37% of the studied cases precipitated into marriage. There was accountability and change of attitude towards contraception and medical follow. Conclusion: The study allowed us to conclude that there was a reduction on the incidence of pregnancy in adolescence. Low education, early initiation of sexual activity, precariousness of knowledge about sexuality and contraception, negligence in the use of contraception, early marriage and lack of plans, constitute risk factors. The pregnancy in adolescence is associated with a delay and an inadequate prenatal vigilance and to an increased risk of pre-term birth and low birth weight, not being associated with the increased risk of caesarean. The main psychosocial consequences were: school dropout, dependence of third parties, precipitation into marriage, voluntary interruption of pregnancy, delay in communication and knowledge of pregnancy, change of employment status and change of attitude towards contraception and medical follow.
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Keywords
Gravidez na adolescĂȘncia Gravidez na adolescĂȘncia - Factores de risco Sexualidade - Adolescentes
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Universidade da Beira Interior