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INTRODUĆĆO: Cada indivĆduo abriga o seu prĆ³prio microbioma intestinal que Ć©
influenciado pelo genĆ³tipo do prĆ³prio, pelos hĆ”bitos alimentares e que varia
dependendo da regiĆ£o geogrĆ”fica em que se encontra.
Durante a gravidez saudĆ”vel, Ć© normal que haja uma diminuiĆ§Ć£o da diversidade alfa, e
um aumento da diversidade beta, independentemente do estado de saĆŗde. Neste
perĆodo tambĆ©m Ć© expectĆ”vel que ocorram um conjunto de mudanƧas metabĆ³licas
necessƔrias para sustentar uma gravidez saudƔvel, sendo fundamental para a
capacidade de adaptaĆ§Ć£o. Ć tambĆ©m durante este perĆodo que se inicia a colonizaĆ§Ć£o do
trato gastrointestinal do feto, e por isso Ć© importante que a hemĆ³stase no ecossistema
intestinal materno seja mantida. Nesta perspetiva, a manipulaĆ§Ć£o alimentar pode
representar uma estratƩgia para manter um microbioma intestinal saudƔvel e
contribuir para o bem-estar do hospedeiro.
Os probiĆ³ticos sĆ£o microrganismos vivos que conferem benefĆcio Ć saĆŗde do hospedeiro
quando administrados em quantidades adequadas, e que em alguns casos mostram
melhorar o estado saĆŗde da mĆ£e e do feto.
OBJETIVOS: Este trabalho pretende explorar as evidĆŖncias atuais no que concerne
aos benefĆcios descritos na literatura sobre o uso de probiĆ³ticos nas grĆ”vidas em
diversas situaƧƵes patolĆ³gicas.
METODOLOGIA: A pesquisa de artigos selecionados para esta revisĆ£o foi feita nas
bases de dados PubMed e Google Scholar no perĆodo temporal que decorreu entre maio
de 2021 e novembro de 2021, com as palavras-chave āpregnancyā, āprobioticsā,
āintestinal microbiotaā, āneonatalā e ātherapeutic useā.
RESULTADOS: Da pesquisa efetuada resultaram 13 ensaios clĆnicos randomizados, 2
estudos caso controlo, 16 revisƵes sistemĆ”ticas e meta-anĆ”lise e 3 artigos de revisĆ£o.
Relativamente Ć Diabetes Mellitus Gestacional, os probiĆ³ticos mostraram ter um efeito
positivo na reduĆ§Ć£o da necessidade de recorrer a terapĆŖutica medicamentosa.
Relativamente Ć prĆ©-eclĆ¢mpsia, os probiĆ³ticos mostraram ter um papel bastante
benĆ©fico, especialmente nos casos mais severos. O uso de probiĆ³ticos parece ter um
papel na reduĆ§Ć£o da taxa de colonizaĆ§Ć£o pelo Streptococcus agalactiae, no entanto nĆ£o
foi demonstrado qualquer benefĆcio relativamente Ć prevenĆ§Ć£o de nascimentos
prematuros. No que diz respeito ao uso de probiĆ³ticos e o efeito no peso ao nascer,
mostraram nĆ£o afetar o peso do recĆ©m-nascido. Quanto Ć saĆŗde mental no pĆ³s-parto, o
uso de probiĆ³ticos demonstrou ter algum papel no controlo dos mecanismos que
potenciam o desenvolvimento de doenƧas mentais, no entanto a evidĆŖncia ainda Ć© bastante limitada. Relativamente ao uso de probiĆ³ticos na prevenĆ§Ć£o de doenƧas
alĆ©rgicas, algumas cepas de probiĆ³ticos mostraram benefĆcios no controlo da dermatite
atĆ³pica bem como na diminuiĆ§Ć£o da sensibilizaĆ§Ć£o de antigĆ©nios alimentares.
Relativamente aos distĆŗrbios funcionais gastrointestinais maternos e do recĆ©m-nascido
os probiĆ³ticos consumidos durante a gestaĆ§Ć£o e lactaĆ§Ć£o parecem produzir mudanƧas
favorĆ”veis na composiĆ§Ć£o do microbioma com a consequente reduĆ§Ć£o dos sintomas
gastrointestinais, no entanto ainda Ʃ necessƔrio realizar mais estudos.
CONCLUSĆES: O uso de probiĆ³ticos na gravidez Ć© uma Ć”rea de interesse emergente,
mas a evidĆŖncia existente ainda nĆ£o permite elaborar recomendaƧƵes gerais
relativamente Ć s estirpes, Ć dose e Ć duraĆ§Ć£o da administraĆ§Ć£o de probiĆ³ticos.
INTRODUCTION: Each individual harbors their own gut microbiome that is influenced by his or her own genotype, dietary habits, and varies depending on the geographic region. During a healthy pregnancy, it is normal to have a decrease in alpha diversity, and an increase in beta diversity, regardless of health status. During this period it is also expected that a number of metabolic changes necessary to sustain a healthy pregnancy will occur, and are fundamental to the ability to adapt. It is also during this period that the colonization of the fetal gastrointestinal tract begins, and therefore it is important that hemostasis in the maternal intestinal ecosystem is maintained. From this perspective, food handling may represent a strategy to maintain a healthy gut microbiome and contribute to the well being of the host. Probiotics are live microorganisms that confer health benefits to the host when administered in adequate amounts, and in some cases have been shown to improve the health status of the mother and the fetal microbiota, and consequently her health. OBJECTIVES: This paper aims to explore the current evidence regarding the benefits described in the literature on the use of probiotics in pregnant women in various situations. METHODOLOGY: The search for articles selected for this review was conducted in PubMed and Google Scholar databases in the time period running from May 2021 to November 2021, with the keywords "pregnancy", "probiotics", "intestinal microbiota", "neonatal" and "therapeutic use". RESULTS: The search yielded 13 randomized clinical trials, 2 case-control studies, 16 systematic reviews and meta-analyses and 3 review articles. In Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, probiotics were shown to have a positive effect in reducing the need for drug therapy. Regarding pre-eclampsia, probiotics have been shown to play a very beneficial role, especially in the more severe cases. Probiotic use seems to play a role in reducing the rate of Streptococcus agalactiae colonization, but no benefit has been shown regarding prevention of preterm births. Regarding the use of probiotics and the effect on birth weight, they have been shown not to affect newborn weight. Regarding mental health in the postpartum period, the use of probiotics has been shown to have some role in controlling the mechanisms that potentiate the development of mental illness, however the evidence is still quite limited. Regarding the use of probiotics and the prevention of allergic diseases, some strains of probiotics have shown benefits in the control of atopic dermatitis as well as in reducing food antigen sensitization. Regarding maternal and newborn gastrointestinal functional disorders, probiotics consumed during pregnancy and lactation appear to produce favorable changes in the composition of the microbiota with a consequent reduction in gastrointestinal symptoms, but further studies are still needed. CONCLUSIONS: The use of probiotics in pregnancy is an emerging area of interest, but the existing evidence does not yet allow general recommendations to be made regarding strains, dose, and duration of probiotic administration.
INTRODUCTION: Each individual harbors their own gut microbiome that is influenced by his or her own genotype, dietary habits, and varies depending on the geographic region. During a healthy pregnancy, it is normal to have a decrease in alpha diversity, and an increase in beta diversity, regardless of health status. During this period it is also expected that a number of metabolic changes necessary to sustain a healthy pregnancy will occur, and are fundamental to the ability to adapt. It is also during this period that the colonization of the fetal gastrointestinal tract begins, and therefore it is important that hemostasis in the maternal intestinal ecosystem is maintained. From this perspective, food handling may represent a strategy to maintain a healthy gut microbiome and contribute to the well being of the host. Probiotics are live microorganisms that confer health benefits to the host when administered in adequate amounts, and in some cases have been shown to improve the health status of the mother and the fetal microbiota, and consequently her health. OBJECTIVES: This paper aims to explore the current evidence regarding the benefits described in the literature on the use of probiotics in pregnant women in various situations. METHODOLOGY: The search for articles selected for this review was conducted in PubMed and Google Scholar databases in the time period running from May 2021 to November 2021, with the keywords "pregnancy", "probiotics", "intestinal microbiota", "neonatal" and "therapeutic use". RESULTS: The search yielded 13 randomized clinical trials, 2 case-control studies, 16 systematic reviews and meta-analyses and 3 review articles. In Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, probiotics were shown to have a positive effect in reducing the need for drug therapy. Regarding pre-eclampsia, probiotics have been shown to play a very beneficial role, especially in the more severe cases. Probiotic use seems to play a role in reducing the rate of Streptococcus agalactiae colonization, but no benefit has been shown regarding prevention of preterm births. Regarding the use of probiotics and the effect on birth weight, they have been shown not to affect newborn weight. Regarding mental health in the postpartum period, the use of probiotics has been shown to have some role in controlling the mechanisms that potentiate the development of mental illness, however the evidence is still quite limited. Regarding the use of probiotics and the prevention of allergic diseases, some strains of probiotics have shown benefits in the control of atopic dermatitis as well as in reducing food antigen sensitization. Regarding maternal and newborn gastrointestinal functional disorders, probiotics consumed during pregnancy and lactation appear to produce favorable changes in the composition of the microbiota with a consequent reduction in gastrointestinal symptoms, but further studies are still needed. CONCLUSIONS: The use of probiotics in pregnancy is an emerging area of interest, but the existing evidence does not yet allow general recommendations to be made regarding strains, dose, and duration of probiotic administration.
Description
Keywords
Gravidez Microbiota Intestinal Neonatal ProbiĆ³ticos Uso TerapĆŖutico