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Abstract(s)
O tema da habitação é atualmente o tópico arquitetónico mais efervescente nos debates
populares e nos meios de comunicação. Os sistemáticos aumentos no preço de compra e no
arrendamento de fogos tornam o mercado privado proibitivo a uma grande parcela dos
indivíduos, incompatíveis com os rendimentos e com a inflação. As políticas públicas de incentivo
habitacional social revelam-se insuficientes e o património estatal de frações de custos
controlados inferior à demanda e com graves problemas na sua gestão e manutenção. A frente
cooperativa sofre por anos com obstáculos burocráticos, legislativos e de financiamento e a
carência habitacional está longe de ser abrandada, mesmo em um panorama com centenas de
milhares de fogos devolutos e um recente decréscimo populacional.
Diante da situação alarmante no setor, a presente dissertação visa desmembrar o contexto
atual e analisar os diversos fatores que, diretamente e indiretamente influenciam a problemática
habitacional no contexto português a fim de buscar alternativas baseadas em práticas eficientes,
práticas essas que, independentemente da sua localização, permitem estabelecer conexões, como
meio de explorar alternativas para a crise habitacional.
Para oferecer um contributo de embasamento académico ao tema e articular um fomento
no debate público, o estudo se coloca em posição de abordar as frentes divididas por fases. A
primeira etapa desenvolve um aprofundamento em fatores legais e de políticas públicas, em um
contexto histórico recortado que parte da responsabilidade do Estado em promover habitação
digna. De forma panorâmica, esse estudo histórico pretende investigar os movimentos
burocráticos e o surgimento das características predominantes da promoção social e do mercado
habitacional, buscando associar as políticas propostas com os respetivos momentos do país.
Posteriormente, o estudo se aprofunda na análise da situação no momento atual, com analises
prospetando o tamanho da problemática habitacional e seu respetivo impacto em diversas
frentes, associadas as mais diversas escalas.
A investigação passa em um terceiro momento por buscar associar abordagens eficientes
– entendidas aqui como práticas burocráticas, projetuais e de gestão posterior que contribuirão
com o beneficio da dinâmica do espaço em todas as suas vertentes e objetivos – aplicadas nas
promoções e reabilitações de habitações de custos controlados, aliando novas tecnologias nos
mais diversos processos de conceção e execução a fim de também inserir os serviços e benefícios
de práticas arquitetónicas eficientes para a parcela mais vulnerável da população, a qual deveria
ser tratada como prioridade sob qualquer perspetiva arquitetónica. Por fim, a dissertação se
direciona em sua última para a exploração de práticas eficientes em Portugal, através de um caso
de estudo (projeto prático) realizado no âmbito de uma parceria de cooperação entre a
Universidade da Beira Interior (UBI), a Faculdade de Arquitectura da Universidade do Porto
(FAUP) e a Câmara Municipal do Fundão (CMF), vinculado as Estratégias Locais de Habitação
(ELH) e a Bolsa Nacional de Alojamento Urgente e Temporário (BNAUT), no qual o autor se
coloca como figura ativa na busca por soluções habitacionais de custos controlados, para grupos
vulneráveis previamente sinalizados pelo município. Mesmo de forma abrangente e com
sugestivos caminhos apresentados, o estudo se mostra aberto a oferecer uma perspetiva contemporânea teórica e prática da questão habitacional, entendendo a sua complexidade e
respeitando o amplo leque de ações que, porventura, possam ser aplicadas no setor em um
momento posterior.
Housing is currently the most effervescent architectural topic in popular debates and in the media. The systematic increases in the purchase and rental prices of homes make the private market prohibitive for a large portion of the population, incompatible with most actual incomes and inflation. Public policies to encourage social housing have historically been insufficient, and the State's heritage of social housing is poorly managed. The cooperative sector has struggled for many years with bureaucratic, legislative, and financing obstacles, and the housing shortage is far from a definitive solution, even in a scenario with hundreds of thousands of vacant homes and a recent decrease in population. Given the alarming situation in the sector, this dissertation aims to investigate the current context and analyze the various factors that directly and indirectly influence the housing problem, in order to seek alternatives based on efficient practices. To offer an academic contribution to the topic and encourage public debate, the study positions itself to address the fronts divided into phases. The first stage develops a deeper understanding of legal factors and public policies, within a historical context that starts with the State's responsibility for promoting decent housing in 1918. In a panoramic view, this historical study intends to investigate bureaucratic movements and the emergence of the predominant characteristics of social promotion and the housing market, seeking to associate the proposed policies with the respective moments in the country. Subsequently, the study delves deeper into the analysis of the current situation, with analyses exploring the scale of the housing problem and its respective impact on several areas, associated with the most diverse ranges. In a third phase, the investigation seeks to associate efficient approaches applied in the promotions and rehabilitations of cost-controlled housing, combining new technologies in the most diverse design and execution processes in order to also include the services and benefits of efficient architectural practices for the poorest segment of the population, which should be treated as a priority from any architectural perspective. Finally, the dissertation focuses on the efficient practice of intervention in Portugal, through a practical project carried out externally, linked to the Local Housing Strategies (ELH) and the National Urgent and Temporary Accommodation Grant (BNAUT), where the author participates as a key figure in the fight for beneficial solutions in social housing. Even in a comprehensive manner and with suggestive paths presented, the study is open to offering a contemporary theoretical and practical perspective on the housing issue, understanding its complexity and respecting the wide range of actions that, perhaps, can be applied in the sector in the future.
Housing is currently the most effervescent architectural topic in popular debates and in the media. The systematic increases in the purchase and rental prices of homes make the private market prohibitive for a large portion of the population, incompatible with most actual incomes and inflation. Public policies to encourage social housing have historically been insufficient, and the State's heritage of social housing is poorly managed. The cooperative sector has struggled for many years with bureaucratic, legislative, and financing obstacles, and the housing shortage is far from a definitive solution, even in a scenario with hundreds of thousands of vacant homes and a recent decrease in population. Given the alarming situation in the sector, this dissertation aims to investigate the current context and analyze the various factors that directly and indirectly influence the housing problem, in order to seek alternatives based on efficient practices. To offer an academic contribution to the topic and encourage public debate, the study positions itself to address the fronts divided into phases. The first stage develops a deeper understanding of legal factors and public policies, within a historical context that starts with the State's responsibility for promoting decent housing in 1918. In a panoramic view, this historical study intends to investigate bureaucratic movements and the emergence of the predominant characteristics of social promotion and the housing market, seeking to associate the proposed policies with the respective moments in the country. Subsequently, the study delves deeper into the analysis of the current situation, with analyses exploring the scale of the housing problem and its respective impact on several areas, associated with the most diverse ranges. In a third phase, the investigation seeks to associate efficient approaches applied in the promotions and rehabilitations of cost-controlled housing, combining new technologies in the most diverse design and execution processes in order to also include the services and benefits of efficient architectural practices for the poorest segment of the population, which should be treated as a priority from any architectural perspective. Finally, the dissertation focuses on the efficient practice of intervention in Portugal, through a practical project carried out externally, linked to the Local Housing Strategies (ELH) and the National Urgent and Temporary Accommodation Grant (BNAUT), where the author participates as a key figure in the fight for beneficial solutions in social housing. Even in a comprehensive manner and with suggestive paths presented, the study is open to offering a contemporary theoretical and practical perspective on the housing issue, understanding its complexity and respecting the wide range of actions that, perhaps, can be applied in the sector in the future.
Description
Keywords
Cidade Direito Habitação Habitat Participação Práticas Eficientes de Intervenção