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Abstract(s)
Introdução: A diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) é uma doença crónica, associada a morbilidade significativa e consequente redução da esperança e da qualidade de vida. Uma abordagem adequada desta patologia envolve diagnóstico precoce, tratamento e seguimento adequados. Assim, foram criadas ferramentas de estratificação do risco de DM2, de entre as quais destaca-se o Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC) pela simplicidade, rapidez de execução e de identificação de pessoas em risco.
Objetivos: Descrever a população em estudo, os fatores de risco para a DM2 e as pessoas em risco de desenvolver a doença; formular uma proposta de prevenção e controlo da diabetes em São Tomé.
Metodologia: Estudo transversal descritivo e de conveniência, realizado nos três distritos com mais habitantes de São Tomé (Água Grande, Mé-Zóchi e Lobata), através da aplicação de questionários FINDRISC. Realizam-se análises de correlação entre as variáveis e análise estatística descritiva. Para analisar as correlações entre as variáveis utilizam-se os testes estatísticos de Qui-quadrado, T, ANOVA I e teste de comparação múltipla de Bonferroni.
Resultados: Participam no estudo 457 pessoas, sendo a maioria do género feminino (n= 238, 52,1%). A amostra é predominantemente pertencente à faixa etária de menos de 45 anos (72,9%) e residente no distrito de Água – Grande (63%). As prevalências de inatividade física e baixa ingestão de frutas e vegetais são respetivamente 39,8% e 42,2%. O índice de massa corporal (IMC) médio é 25,5 ± 4,9 Kg/m2 e 25,6% dos indivíduos possui perímetro abdominal muito aumentado. Cerca de 27 participantes (5,8%) terão DM2 em 10 anos.
Demonstra-se que as variáveis idade, IMC, perímetro abdominal, atividade física, antecedentes pessoais de hipertensão arterial (HTA), história pessoal de hiperglicemia e antecedentes familiares de DM2 ou diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (DM1) estão associados de forma estatisticamente significativa com o risco de DM2.
Conclusão: Sugerem-se aperfeiçoamentos na abordagem da DM2 em STP. Assim propõe-se, a aplicação de um conjunto de medidas preventivas fundamentais baseadas em alterações legislativas e de infraestruturas de saúde e de condições para a prática do desporto, de medidas que promovam o adequado tratamento e o acesso equitativo a terapêuticas farmacológicas indispensáveis, assim como a aplicação periódica do questionário FINDRISC para estratificação do risco de DM2.
Introduction: Diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) is a chronical disease, related to significant morbility and the reduction of people's life expectancy and quality. An adequate approach for this pathology involves the early diagnosis and suitable treatment. Thusly, DM2 risk decrease tools have been created, among which the Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC) is more noticeable due to its simplicity, fast execution and identification of people prone to the disease. Objectives: To describe the study population, the risk factors for DM2 and the people prone to develop the disease; to propose a prevention and control plan for diabetes in São Tomé. Method: Transversal, descriptive and convenient study, performed in the three most inhabited districts of São Tomé (Água-Grande, Mé-Zóchi and Lobata), through the application of FINDRISC surveys. Correlation analysis between the variables and statistic descriptive analysis were performed. In order to analyse the correlation between the variables, the statistic tests Chi-square, T-student, ANOVA I and the Bonferroni correction were utilized. Results: 457 people took part in the study, being the majority from the female gender (n=238, 52,1%). The sample predominantly belongs to the under 45 age group (n= 333, 72,9%) and Água-Grande residents (63%). The prevalence of physical inactivity and low consumption of fruits and vegetables are respectively 39,8% and 42,2%. The average body mass index (BMI) is 25,5 ± 4,9 Kg/m2 and 25,6% of people have a very high abdominal perimeter. It was concluded that around 27 people (5,8%) will have diabetes in 10 years. Results from the study demonstrate a significant statistical relationship between variables such as age, BMI, abdominal perimeter, physical activity, personal arterial hypertension history (HTN), personal hyperglycemia history and family history of DM2 or diabetes mellitus type 1 (DM1), and a higher risk of DM2. Conclusion: Improvements in the management of DM2 in STP are suggested. Thus, it is proposed to apply a set of fundamental preventive measures based on legislative changes and health infrastructures and conditions for the practice of sport, measures to promote the appropriate treatment and equitable access to essential pharmacological therapies, as well as the periodic application of the FINDRISC questionnaire to stratify DM2 risk.
Introduction: Diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) is a chronical disease, related to significant morbility and the reduction of people's life expectancy and quality. An adequate approach for this pathology involves the early diagnosis and suitable treatment. Thusly, DM2 risk decrease tools have been created, among which the Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC) is more noticeable due to its simplicity, fast execution and identification of people prone to the disease. Objectives: To describe the study population, the risk factors for DM2 and the people prone to develop the disease; to propose a prevention and control plan for diabetes in São Tomé. Method: Transversal, descriptive and convenient study, performed in the three most inhabited districts of São Tomé (Água-Grande, Mé-Zóchi and Lobata), through the application of FINDRISC surveys. Correlation analysis between the variables and statistic descriptive analysis were performed. In order to analyse the correlation between the variables, the statistic tests Chi-square, T-student, ANOVA I and the Bonferroni correction were utilized. Results: 457 people took part in the study, being the majority from the female gender (n=238, 52,1%). The sample predominantly belongs to the under 45 age group (n= 333, 72,9%) and Água-Grande residents (63%). The prevalence of physical inactivity and low consumption of fruits and vegetables are respectively 39,8% and 42,2%. The average body mass index (BMI) is 25,5 ± 4,9 Kg/m2 and 25,6% of people have a very high abdominal perimeter. It was concluded that around 27 people (5,8%) will have diabetes in 10 years. Results from the study demonstrate a significant statistical relationship between variables such as age, BMI, abdominal perimeter, physical activity, personal arterial hypertension history (HTN), personal hyperglycemia history and family history of DM2 or diabetes mellitus type 1 (DM1), and a higher risk of DM2. Conclusion: Improvements in the management of DM2 in STP are suggested. Thus, it is proposed to apply a set of fundamental preventive measures based on legislative changes and health infrastructures and conditions for the practice of sport, measures to promote the appropriate treatment and equitable access to essential pharmacological therapies, as well as the periodic application of the FINDRISC questionnaire to stratify DM2 risk.
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Keywords
Controlo da Diabetes Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 Fatores de Risco Finnish Diabetes Risk Score São Tomé