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Abstract(s)
A utilização de mecanismos de democracia direta tem causado muita polémica nos
últimos anos. A presente investigação tem como objetivo endereçar algumas debilidades
associadas ao paradigma da democracia direta relacionando-as com o aproveitamento e
condicionamento da perceção política dos indivíduos. Procuramos assim estudar a forma
como os órgãos governativos e os grupos de interesse recorrem a mecanismos como o
referendo ou a iniciativa popular para retirar dividendos particulares sem interesse em
suscitar a reflexão, promovendo um ambiente persuasivo e, como consequência, tornando
os indivíduos mais suscetíveis de manipulação. Para perceber a fundo esta questão
debruçar-nos-emos, primeiro, sobre a utilização de plebiscitos em autocracias e,
posteriormente, sobre a utilização de referendos através de meios plebiscitários.
Considerando que a manipulação em regimes democráticos está, muitas vezes,
relacionada com o condicionamento de informação que é essencial para formar as
representações mentais cognitivas que dão origem à perceção política, exploraremos uma
proposta do paradigma da democracia deliberativa que pretende introduzir uma etapa
deliberativa no processo referendário com o objetivo de expandir esta perceção
desencorajando o uso plebiscitário desses mecanismos. O estudo compreenderá a análise
de relatórios de desempenho desse mecanismo para perceber se as ambições deliberativas
cumprem esse objetivo.
The use of mechanisms of direct democracy has caused much controversy in recent years. The present investigation aims to address some weaknesses associated with the paradigm of direct democracy, relating these to the use and conditioning of the political perception of individuals. We thus seek to study the way in which government bodies and interest groups use mechanisms such as the referendum or the popular initiative to withdraw private dividends with no interest in provoking reflection, promoting a persuasive environment and, as a consequence, making individuals more susceptible to manipulation. To understand this question in depth, we will first study the use of plebiscites in autocracies and then the use of referenda through plebiscitary means. Considering that this manipulation in democratic regimes is often related to the conditioning of information that is essential to form the cognitive mental representations that originate political perception, we will also explore a proposal of the Deliberative Democracy paradigm that intends to introduce a deliberative stage in the referendum process with the aim of expanding this perception by discouraging the plebiscitary use of these mechanisms. The study will include the analysis of performance reports of this mechanism to see if the deliberative ambitions fulfill this objective.
The use of mechanisms of direct democracy has caused much controversy in recent years. The present investigation aims to address some weaknesses associated with the paradigm of direct democracy, relating these to the use and conditioning of the political perception of individuals. We thus seek to study the way in which government bodies and interest groups use mechanisms such as the referendum or the popular initiative to withdraw private dividends with no interest in provoking reflection, promoting a persuasive environment and, as a consequence, making individuals more susceptible to manipulation. To understand this question in depth, we will first study the use of plebiscites in autocracies and then the use of referenda through plebiscitary means. Considering that this manipulation in democratic regimes is often related to the conditioning of information that is essential to form the cognitive mental representations that originate political perception, we will also explore a proposal of the Deliberative Democracy paradigm that intends to introduce a deliberative stage in the referendum process with the aim of expanding this perception by discouraging the plebiscitary use of these mechanisms. The study will include the analysis of performance reports of this mechanism to see if the deliberative ambitions fulfill this objective.
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Keywords
Citizens’ Iniciative Review Democracia Deliberativa Democracia Direta Perceção Política