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Abstract(s)
O abandono e a persistência são temas emergentes que continuam a suscitar o interesse dos investigadores, considerando que é a prática desportiva não só em quantidade, mas também em qualidade, que sustenta o desenvolvimento desportivo de qualquer país.
Essa mesma preocupação tem sido manifestada por organizações de cúpula do sistema desportivo nacional, como o caso do próprio Comité Olímpico de Portugal, que alertou recentemente para o facto de o número de atletas inscritos nas federações desportivas portuguesas ser cada vez mais reduzido, com tendência para regredir, face a números obtidos em décadas anteriores. Sendo esta uma preocupação transversal a várias modalidades, na presente investigação optou-se pelo estudo da modalidade de natação, a qual representa a modalidade desportiva individual mais praticada em Portugal. O paradigma escolhido para o estudo desta problemática é de natureza comportamental, na missiva de caraterizar a realidade atual de abandono e persistência na prática desta modalidade, bem como de identificação dos seus motivos para o abandono e determinantes motivacionais da persistência e intenção de prática futura, permitindo a concetualização e validação de modelos preditivos com recurso a técnicas estatísticas multivariadas.
Através dos sete estudos realizados foi possível verificar que: i) o abandono surge por um conjunto mais ou menos diversificado de razões, existindo ainda uma escassez de estudos sobre as determinantes e os motivos do abandono da prática desta modalidade; ii) o motivo mais determinante para o abandono é a “insatisfação” e “outras prioridades”, existindo no entanto diferenças entre praticantes do género masculino e feminino e escalões competitivos distintos; iii) as “competências técnicas” e a “pressão/exigência” da modalidade são motivos que têm um impacto negativo nas intenções de os atletas voltarem à prática; iv) todos os instrumentos de medida traduzidos, adaptados e validados apresentam critérios de validade e fiabilidade para o contexto da natação, podendo ser utilizados em futuras investigações, e; v) as sequências causais preconizadas pelos modelos teóricos da Teoria dos Objetivos de Realização e da Teoria da Autodeterminação demonstraram validade preditiva na explicação das intenções de os atletas continuarem na prática e no seu divertimento, podendo servir de modelos para a intervenção comportamental.
Os resultados obtidos contribuem para uma melhor compreensão do fenómeno do abandono e persistência dos atletas na modalidade de natação, permitindo delinear algumas linhas orientadoras para a prática, com a identificação de estratégias de ação para a prevenção e longevidade na carreira desportiva, úteis ao processo de treino e à tomada de decisão sobre eventuais políticas desportivas a implementar.
The themes of dropout and persistence are coming more into the light and thus continue to rise more interest among the researchers, taking in consideration that it is the practice of sports, not only regarding the amount but the quality as well, which supports the sports development in any country. This same interest and concern has been revealed by the organizations of the national sports system, the Portugal Olympic committee itself cautioned recently that the number of subscribed athletes within the Portuguese sport’s federations is shrinking, leaning to hit smaller digit numbers seen on previous decades. Being this concern shared across several sport’s modalities, the present investigation is dedicated to the study of the swimming modality, which represents the most individual sport practiced in Portugal. It was a behavioral nature paradigm that was chosen to study and mirror this problematic, attempting so to characterize the present reality on dropout and persistence regarding the practice of this modality, as well as to identify the motives behind it and the motivational determinants respecting persistence and the intention to comeback to practice on a future time, allowing to concept and validate predictive models resorting to multivariate statistic techniques. Over the 7 conducted studies it was possible to verify that: i) the dropout emerges through a more or less set of diversified reasons, still existing a gap of studies about the facts and motives that lead to dropping out on this sport modality; ii) the most determinant motive behind the dropout is the “dissatisfaction” and “other priorities”, existing however differences among the practitioners’ gender and their competitive rankings; iii) the “technical competences” and the “pressure/demand” of the modality are motives that have a negative impact regarding the athletes to return hereafter to practice; iv) all the translated measurement instruments display validity and reliability in the swimming context, being possible to be used in future researches, and; v) the causal sequences advocated and recommended by the theoretical models such as the Achievement Goal Theory and Self-Determination Theory show predictive validity concerning the intentions of the athletes remaining their practicing and amusement, being so it is possible to be used as models for further behavioral interventions. The obtained results help to better understand the dropout phenomenon and the persistence of the athletes on the swimming modality, allowing to plan some guidelines for its practice, with the identification of action and prevention strategies that can enhance the longevity of the athletes within the sport career, all useful for both the training process and the decision call on possible sport politics to be implemented.
The themes of dropout and persistence are coming more into the light and thus continue to rise more interest among the researchers, taking in consideration that it is the practice of sports, not only regarding the amount but the quality as well, which supports the sports development in any country. This same interest and concern has been revealed by the organizations of the national sports system, the Portugal Olympic committee itself cautioned recently that the number of subscribed athletes within the Portuguese sport’s federations is shrinking, leaning to hit smaller digit numbers seen on previous decades. Being this concern shared across several sport’s modalities, the present investigation is dedicated to the study of the swimming modality, which represents the most individual sport practiced in Portugal. It was a behavioral nature paradigm that was chosen to study and mirror this problematic, attempting so to characterize the present reality on dropout and persistence regarding the practice of this modality, as well as to identify the motives behind it and the motivational determinants respecting persistence and the intention to comeback to practice on a future time, allowing to concept and validate predictive models resorting to multivariate statistic techniques. Over the 7 conducted studies it was possible to verify that: i) the dropout emerges through a more or less set of diversified reasons, still existing a gap of studies about the facts and motives that lead to dropping out on this sport modality; ii) the most determinant motive behind the dropout is the “dissatisfaction” and “other priorities”, existing however differences among the practitioners’ gender and their competitive rankings; iii) the “technical competences” and the “pressure/demand” of the modality are motives that have a negative impact regarding the athletes to return hereafter to practice; iv) all the translated measurement instruments display validity and reliability in the swimming context, being possible to be used in future researches, and; v) the causal sequences advocated and recommended by the theoretical models such as the Achievement Goal Theory and Self-Determination Theory show predictive validity concerning the intentions of the athletes remaining their practicing and amusement, being so it is possible to be used as models for further behavioral interventions. The obtained results help to better understand the dropout phenomenon and the persistence of the athletes on the swimming modality, allowing to plan some guidelines for its practice, with the identification of action and prevention strategies that can enhance the longevity of the athletes within the sport career, all useful for both the training process and the decision call on possible sport politics to be implemented.
Description
Keywords
Natação - Aspectos psicológicos - Motivação Prática desportiva - Abandono Prática desportiva - Motivação