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O sentido de competência parental refere-se à perceção dos pais sobre a sua
eficácia e satisfação no desempenho do papel parental, enquanto o comportamento
pró-social traduz a capacidade da criança em demonstrar empatia, ajudar e
cooperar com os outros. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar estas duas
dimensões em famílias pós-divórcio/separação, com um primeiro estudo que
explorou a influência de variáveis sociodemográficas e a relação entre as variáveis,
e um segundo que analisou possíveis diferenças e associações entre mães e pais excônjuges relativamente às suas perceções. Participaram no total 163 progenitores
divorciados/separados, com crianças entre os 3 e os 10 anos, que preencheram as
versões portuguesas da Escala do Sentido de Competência Parental (PSOC) e da
subescala de Comportamento Pró-social do Questionário de Forças e Dificuldades
(SDQ). No estudo 1 (n=123), verificou-se que mães e pais mais jovens e com dois
filhos reportaram níveis mais elevados de competência parental total, eficácia e
satisfação, e que mães e pais com menor escolaridade apresentaram perceção de
maior eficácia comparativamente aos com escolaridade superior. Verificou-se,
ainda que o sentido de competência parental total e as suas dimensões se
encontraram positivamente associadas com o comportamento pró-social dos
filhos. Os resultados do estudo 2 (n=40; 20 ex-casais) revelaram a ausência de
diferenças significativas entre mães e pais na perceção da competência parental e
do comportamento pró-social dos filhos. Destacou-se um elevado grau de
concordância interparental, sobretudo na eficácia parental e na avaliação do
comportamento pró-social, sugerindo perceções convergentes mesmo após a
dissolução conjugal.
Os resultados são discutidos à luz da literatura sobre parentalidade pósdivórcio/separação, destacando-se a relevância de incluir ambos os progenitores
tanto na investigação, como em intervenções com famílias com crianças.
Parental sense of competence refers to parents’ perception of their efficacy and satisfaction in performing the parental role. In contrast, prosocial behaviour reflects the child’s ability to demonstrate empathy, provide help, and cooperate with others. The present study aimed to analyze these two dimensions in postdivorce/separation families. The first study examined the influence of sociodemographic variables and their relationship with each other, while the second examined potential differences and associations between mothers and fathers, as ex-spouses, regarding their perceptions. A total of 163 divorced/separated parents participated, with children aged between 3 and 10, who completed the Portuguese versions of the Parenting Sense of Competence Scale (PSOC) and the Prosocial Behaviour subscale of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). In Study 1 (n = 123), younger mothers and fathers with two children reported higher levels of overall parental competence, efficacy, and satisfaction. Furthermore, parents with lower educational attainment perceived themselves as more efficacious compared to those with higher education. It also revealed that overall parental sense of competence and its dimensions were positively associated with children’s prosocial behaviour. The results of Study 2 (n = 40; 20 former couples) revealed no significant differences between mothers and fathers in their perception of parental competence and children’s prosocial behaviour. A high degree of interparental agreement was observed, particularly regarding parental efficacy and the assessment of prosocial behaviour, suggesting convergent perceptions even after marital dissolution. The results discussed consider the literature on post-divorce/separation parenting, highlighting the importance of including both parents not only in research but also in interventions with families with children.
Parental sense of competence refers to parents’ perception of their efficacy and satisfaction in performing the parental role. In contrast, prosocial behaviour reflects the child’s ability to demonstrate empathy, provide help, and cooperate with others. The present study aimed to analyze these two dimensions in postdivorce/separation families. The first study examined the influence of sociodemographic variables and their relationship with each other, while the second examined potential differences and associations between mothers and fathers, as ex-spouses, regarding their perceptions. A total of 163 divorced/separated parents participated, with children aged between 3 and 10, who completed the Portuguese versions of the Parenting Sense of Competence Scale (PSOC) and the Prosocial Behaviour subscale of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). In Study 1 (n = 123), younger mothers and fathers with two children reported higher levels of overall parental competence, efficacy, and satisfaction. Furthermore, parents with lower educational attainment perceived themselves as more efficacious compared to those with higher education. It also revealed that overall parental sense of competence and its dimensions were positively associated with children’s prosocial behaviour. The results of Study 2 (n = 40; 20 former couples) revealed no significant differences between mothers and fathers in their perception of parental competence and children’s prosocial behaviour. A high degree of interparental agreement was observed, particularly regarding parental efficacy and the assessment of prosocial behaviour, suggesting convergent perceptions even after marital dissolution. The results discussed consider the literature on post-divorce/separation parenting, highlighting the importance of including both parents not only in research but also in interventions with families with children.
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Palavras-chave
Competência Parental Comportamento Pró-Social Divórcio/Separação