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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Este trabalho apresenta uma revisão em torno das questões das manifestações de força
em seco e sua relação com a performance de nado. Adicionalmente, foi realizado um
estudo piloto para avaliação de procedimentos e metodologias a utilizar em situação de
avaliação e controlo de treino. Da revisão da literatura é possível verificar que poucos
são os estudos existentes que demonstrem a importância de um programa de treino em
seco como complementar ao treino em água. São detetadas algumas limitações nesses
estudos com o sentido de fomentar futuras investigações: amostra reduzida e /ou
heterogénea; avaliação de força máxima em detrimento da força de potência;
inexistência de período de adaptação aos ganhos musculares para maior performance
em água. Para o estudo piloto foram avaliadas 9 nadadoras de nível nacional (15.7 ± 1.5
anos; 55.4 ± 6.1 kg; 161.6 ± 7.2 cm; recorde pessoal nos 50 m Livres de 30.5 ± 2.2 s).
Foram medidas a potência máxima e média no exercício de agachamento, a altura no
salto com contra-movimento, e a força máxima e média do nado amarrado só com
utilização dos membros inferiores. Foram detetadas fortes correlações entre os
parâmetros do agachamento e as forças em nado amarrado e com a performance de
nado. Adicionalmente, foi percetível uma correlação forte entre a força média produzida
pelos membros inferiores em nado amarrado e o recorde pessoal nos 50 m Livres,
indicando a relevância que a ação dos membros inferiores tem na performance em nado
livre de curtas distâncias e altas intensidades. A metodologia utilizada permitiu obter
parâmetros associados entre testes feitos em seco e em água, revelando ser adequada
para o controlo e avaliação de nadadores.
A review about the issue of strength in dry-land and swimming performance is presented, aiming to identify gaps and stimulate further research. Moreover, a pilot study was conducted to evaluate procedures and methodologies that may be used for training control and evaluation. From the review it was perceptible that studies aiming to clarify the role of dry-land strength training for swimming performance enhancement are scarce. In addition, some gaps are identified; e.g. small and/or heterogeneous samples; evaluation of maximum force instead of maximum power; lack of period of adaptation to strength gains. For the pilot study, 9 female swimmers (15.7 ± 1.5 years of age; 55.4 ± 6.1 kg; 161.6 ± 7.2 cm; personal best in 50 m Freestyle of 30.5 ± 2.2 s) of national level were evaluated. Maximum and mean power in squat, height in countermovement jump, maximum and mean force in legs-only tethered swimming, were assessed. Strong correlations between power in squat with force in tethered swimming and free swimming performance were obtained. Additionally, was assessed a strong relationship between mean force in legs-only tethered swimming and personal best in 50 m Freestyle, inducing that legs take a major role in free swimming performance for short distance events. The methodology used allowed the assessment of parameters in dry-land and in water testing, increasing the accuracy of the evaluations. These procedures may be proficient for coaches’ control and evaluation of swimmers.
A review about the issue of strength in dry-land and swimming performance is presented, aiming to identify gaps and stimulate further research. Moreover, a pilot study was conducted to evaluate procedures and methodologies that may be used for training control and evaluation. From the review it was perceptible that studies aiming to clarify the role of dry-land strength training for swimming performance enhancement are scarce. In addition, some gaps are identified; e.g. small and/or heterogeneous samples; evaluation of maximum force instead of maximum power; lack of period of adaptation to strength gains. For the pilot study, 9 female swimmers (15.7 ± 1.5 years of age; 55.4 ± 6.1 kg; 161.6 ± 7.2 cm; personal best in 50 m Freestyle of 30.5 ± 2.2 s) of national level were evaluated. Maximum and mean power in squat, height in countermovement jump, maximum and mean force in legs-only tethered swimming, were assessed. Strong correlations between power in squat with force in tethered swimming and free swimming performance were obtained. Additionally, was assessed a strong relationship between mean force in legs-only tethered swimming and personal best in 50 m Freestyle, inducing that legs take a major role in free swimming performance for short distance events. The methodology used allowed the assessment of parameters in dry-land and in water testing, increasing the accuracy of the evaluations. These procedures may be proficient for coaches’ control and evaluation of swimmers.
Description
Keywords
Natação - Crol - Performance - Avaliação Natação - Nadadores femininos - Performance - Avaliação