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Abstract(s)
Introdução: Os comportamentos autolesivos (CAL) na adolescência são um problema
relevante de saúde pública. Apresentam elevada prevalência em amostras comunitárias e
clínicas, estão associados a morbilidade psiquiátrica e a um aumento significativo do risco
de suicídio consumado. Estima-se que entre 7 e 14% dos adolescentes se autolesionem
deliberadamente ao menos uma vez na vida. Alguns estudos apontam que a ansiedade e
depressão estão relacionados com os CAL. Existem evidências de que indivíduos com
histórico de CAL apresentam níveis mais elevados de ansiedade. Os sintomas depressivos
poderão estar associados a casos de CAL, e estes se desenvolvem devido a um elevado
sofrimento emocional. Este trabalho consiste numa revisão sistemática da literatura, que
tem como objetivos caracterizar o problema, compreender as funções dos CAL e apoiar a
intervenção preventiva e clínica.
Método: A revisão foi realizada de acordo com o protocolo PRISMA. Procedeu-se à
pesquisa de artigos em 2 bases de dados eletrónicas, Scientific Eletronic Library Online
(Scielo) e no Google Académico (GA), publicados nos últimos 10 anos, de 2013 a 2023, cuja
população em estudo fossem adolescentes. Desta pesquisa resultaram 752 resultados, dos
quais 10 foram incluídos nesta revisão.
Resultados: Dos dez estudos incluídos nesta RSL, sete recorreram à metodologia
quantitativa e três a metodologia qualitativa. A prevalência de CAL situa-se entre os 7,3 e os
48%. A idade da iniciação do CAL varia entre os 13 e os 14 anos. A maioria dos estudos
verificaram uma frequência maior dos CAL nas raparigas. Em relação à prática de CAL e a
ideação suicida, quatro dos sete estudos quantitativos concluíram que não parece haver uma
relação direta entre estas duas variáveis. Por último, seis dos 10 estudos sugeriram que a
prática do CAL teve como função principal a regulação emocional, realizada com a intenção
de “aliviar sensações de vazio ou indiferença» e para «cessar sentimentos ou
sensações ruins”.
Conclusões: Este trabalho confirma que os CAL entre os adolescentes é um problema de
saúde pública, uma vez que os estudos considerados apuraram taxas de prevalência
elevadas em amostras comunitárias e clínicas. A prática de CAL está relacionada com o
sofrimento emocional. É necessário implementar estratégias efetivas para prevenir os CAL
e tratar os jovens que praticam CAL, nomeadamente, fornecendo apoio precoce a jovens em sofrimento emocional e formar profissionais de saúde para detetarem o mais cedo possível
estes problemas.
Introduction: Deliberate self-harm in adolescence are a relevant public health problem. They have high prevalence in community and clinical populations, are associated with psychiatric morbidity and represent a significant increase in the risk of suicide. It is estimated that between 7 and 14% of adolescents deliberately self-harm at least once in their lifetime. Some studies point out that anxiety and depression are related to deliberate selfharm. There is evidence that individuals with a history of deliberate self-harm have higher levels of anxiety. Depressive symptoms may be associated with cases of deliberate selfharm, and these develop due to high emotional distress. This paper consists of a systematic literature review, which aims to characterize the problem, to understand the functions of in deliberate self-harm, and to support preventive and clinical intervention. Method: The review was conducted according to the PRISMA protocol. Articles were searched in 2 electronic databases, Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo) and Google Academic (GA), were published in the last 10 years, from 2013 to 2023, whose study population was adolescents. This search yielded 752 results, of which 10 were included in this review. Results: Of the ten studies included in this SLR, seven used quantitative methodology and three used qualitative methodology. The prevalence of deliberate self-harm is between 7.3 and 48%. The age of initiation ranges from 13 to 14 years. Most studies found a higher frequency of deliberate self-harm in girls. Regarding deliberate self-harm practice and suicidal. Four of the seven quantitative studies concluded that there does not appear to be a direct relationship between these two variables. Finally, six of the 10 studies suggested that the practice of deliberate self-harm had a primary function emotional regulation, performed with the intention of "relieving feelings of emptiness or indifference" and to "cease bad feelings or sensations." Conclusions: This work confirms that deliberate self-harm among adolescents is a public health problem, as the studies considered found high prevalence rates in community and clinical samples. The practice of deliberate self-harm is related to emotional distress. It is necessary to implement effective strategies to prevent CAL and treat youth who practice deliberate self-harm, including providing early support to youth in emotional distress and training health professionals to detect these problems as early as possible.
Introduction: Deliberate self-harm in adolescence are a relevant public health problem. They have high prevalence in community and clinical populations, are associated with psychiatric morbidity and represent a significant increase in the risk of suicide. It is estimated that between 7 and 14% of adolescents deliberately self-harm at least once in their lifetime. Some studies point out that anxiety and depression are related to deliberate selfharm. There is evidence that individuals with a history of deliberate self-harm have higher levels of anxiety. Depressive symptoms may be associated with cases of deliberate selfharm, and these develop due to high emotional distress. This paper consists of a systematic literature review, which aims to characterize the problem, to understand the functions of in deliberate self-harm, and to support preventive and clinical intervention. Method: The review was conducted according to the PRISMA protocol. Articles were searched in 2 electronic databases, Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo) and Google Academic (GA), were published in the last 10 years, from 2013 to 2023, whose study population was adolescents. This search yielded 752 results, of which 10 were included in this review. Results: Of the ten studies included in this SLR, seven used quantitative methodology and three used qualitative methodology. The prevalence of deliberate self-harm is between 7.3 and 48%. The age of initiation ranges from 13 to 14 years. Most studies found a higher frequency of deliberate self-harm in girls. Regarding deliberate self-harm practice and suicidal. Four of the seven quantitative studies concluded that there does not appear to be a direct relationship between these two variables. Finally, six of the 10 studies suggested that the practice of deliberate self-harm had a primary function emotional regulation, performed with the intention of "relieving feelings of emptiness or indifference" and to "cease bad feelings or sensations." Conclusions: This work confirms that deliberate self-harm among adolescents is a public health problem, as the studies considered found high prevalence rates in community and clinical samples. The practice of deliberate self-harm is related to emotional distress. It is necessary to implement effective strategies to prevent CAL and treat youth who practice deliberate self-harm, including providing early support to youth in emotional distress and training health professionals to detect these problems as early as possible.
Description
Keywords
Adolescentes Comportamentos Autolesivos