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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
O conceito de Química Verde pode ser definido como “o desenho de produtos químicos e
processos que reduzem ou eliminam a utilização ou geração de produtos perigosos”. A
utilização de processos catalíticos, de solventes alternativos, tal como água, e de fontes de
energia alternativas tem sido a principal estratégia da Química Verde. O desenvolvimento de
novos e “mais verdes” processos químicos, para a preparação de princípios ativos, tornam-se
um grande desafio, devido à natureza química dos medicamentos a às suas complexas sínteses
sendo por vezes muito difícil aplicar os princípios da Química Verde à indústria farmacêutica.
Incluído no campo dos esteroides, a oxidação de álcoois a cetonas é uma reação relevante na
síntese de medicamentos. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho, desenvolvido no Centro de
Investigação de Ciências da Saúde, na Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde da Universidade da
Beira Interior, é o desenvolvimento de novos processos sustentáveis para uma eficiente
oxidação de álcoois esteroides a cetonas, com o objetivo de preparar moléculas bioativas,
com grande interesse para a indústria farmacêutica. Assim, tendo por base um procedimento
conhecido para oxidações alílicas, foi desenvolvida uma combinação entre o oxidante NaClO2
e o catalisador NHPI. Estas reações ocorreram em solventes aquosos sob temperaturas
moderadas, com vista à oxidação de grupos hidroxilos de esteroides. Na verdade, este
procedimento ”verde” e económico revelou-se um eficiente método para a oxidação de
álcoois esteroides androstanos saturados e alílicos nas correspondentes cetonas. Este processo
foi também aplicado na oxidação de outros compostos esteroides e não-esteroides. Além
disso, foram também desenvolvidos estudos mecânicos, tendo-se concluído que esta reação
ocorre através da formação de radicais livres na mistura reacional. Devido a estas
interessantes vantagens, consideramos que este novo processo pode ter potencial para ser
aplicado em síntese orgânica, incluindo na preparação de medicamentos.
Este relatório também descreve o estágio em Farmácia Comunitária, na Farmácia da
Alameda, entre fevereiro e maio de 2013 , onde pude conhecer todo o papel do
farmacêutico, desde o armazenamento ao aconselhamento farmacêutico.
O último capítulo descreve a experiência em Farmácia Hospitalar, entre maio e junho de
2013, nos serviços farmacêuticos no Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, EPE. Neste
capítulo são descritos os diferentes procedimentos executados nos Serviços Farmacêuticos.
Green chemistry can be defined as “the design of chemical products and processes that reduce or eliminate the use or generation of hazardous substances”. The main strategies in this context involve the use of catalytic processes, alternative solvents, such as water, and even alternative energy sources. In the pharmaceutical industry, sometimes it is very difficult to fully apply the Green Chemistry principles, due to the chemical nature of drugs and their usually complex synthesis. Thus, the development of new and greener chemical processes for the preparation of active principles is an enormous challenge. A relevant reaction in the synthesis of drugs or their intermediates, including in the steroidal field, is the oxidation of alcohol to ketones. Thus, the aim of this work, performed at Health Science Research Centre, in Faculty of Health Science of the University of Beira Interior, is the development of a new and sustainable process for the efficient oxidation of steroidal alcohols to ketones, aiming the preparation of bioactive molecules with high interest for the pharmaceutical industry. Thus, starting from a known procedure for allylic oxidations, a combination of the oxidant NaClO2 and the organocatalyst NHPI in aqueous solvents under moderate temperatures was developed for the oxidation of steroidal hydroxyl groups. In fact, this mild and economical procedure revealed to be an efficient method for the oxidation of saturated and allylic androstane steroidal alcohols to the corresponding ketones. This process was also applied in the oxidation of other steroids and even non-steroid compounds. In addition, mechanistic studies were also performed and it was concluded that this reaction occurred through the formation of free radicals in the reaction mixture. Due to its interesting advantages, we consider that this new procedure can have the potential to be applied in organic synthesis, including in the preparation of drugs. This report also describe the traineeship in Community pharmacy, at Farmácia da Alameda, between February and May of 2013. On this time I had the opportunity to understand the role of Pharmacist on communitary pharmacy. The last chapter report my experience in Hospital pharmacy, between May and June of 2013, at pharmaceutical services at Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, EPE .This chapter includes the procedures executed on the different areas of hospital pharmacy.
Green chemistry can be defined as “the design of chemical products and processes that reduce or eliminate the use or generation of hazardous substances”. The main strategies in this context involve the use of catalytic processes, alternative solvents, such as water, and even alternative energy sources. In the pharmaceutical industry, sometimes it is very difficult to fully apply the Green Chemistry principles, due to the chemical nature of drugs and their usually complex synthesis. Thus, the development of new and greener chemical processes for the preparation of active principles is an enormous challenge. A relevant reaction in the synthesis of drugs or their intermediates, including in the steroidal field, is the oxidation of alcohol to ketones. Thus, the aim of this work, performed at Health Science Research Centre, in Faculty of Health Science of the University of Beira Interior, is the development of a new and sustainable process for the efficient oxidation of steroidal alcohols to ketones, aiming the preparation of bioactive molecules with high interest for the pharmaceutical industry. Thus, starting from a known procedure for allylic oxidations, a combination of the oxidant NaClO2 and the organocatalyst NHPI in aqueous solvents under moderate temperatures was developed for the oxidation of steroidal hydroxyl groups. In fact, this mild and economical procedure revealed to be an efficient method for the oxidation of saturated and allylic androstane steroidal alcohols to the corresponding ketones. This process was also applied in the oxidation of other steroids and even non-steroid compounds. In addition, mechanistic studies were also performed and it was concluded that this reaction occurred through the formation of free radicals in the reaction mixture. Due to its interesting advantages, we consider that this new procedure can have the potential to be applied in organic synthesis, including in the preparation of drugs. This report also describe the traineeship in Community pharmacy, at Farmácia da Alameda, between February and May of 2013. On this time I had the opportunity to understand the role of Pharmacist on communitary pharmacy. The last chapter report my experience in Hospital pharmacy, between May and June of 2013, at pharmaceutical services at Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, EPE .This chapter includes the procedures executed on the different areas of hospital pharmacy.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Farmácia comunitária - Gestão - Estágio pedagógico Farmácia hospitalar - Gestão - Estágio pedagógico Química farmacêutica verde Esteróides Oxidação de álcoois
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Editora
Universidade da Beira Interior