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Introdução: Recentemente têm sido realizados diversos estudos com o objectivo de melhor se
conhecerem as adaptações induzidas pelo exercício físico; alguns desses estudos debruçam-se
sobre qual a melhor ordenação de exercícios para optimização das diferentes capacidades
motoras, relativas a um ou mais gestos técnicos utilizados em diferentes modalidades
desportivas. Objectivo: O presente estudo visa perceber se existe alguma influência na ordem
da aplicação dos exercícios de condição física e respectiva optimização. Métodos: A amostra
foi constituída por 19 alunas de 2 turmas do 12º ano, com faixa etária entre os 16 e 17 anos
(16.12±1.34 anos), estando dividida em 10 alunas (Grupo 1) e 9 alunas (Grupo 2), das suas
respectivas turmas. O trabalho com os grupos foi realizado durante 8 semanas, com duas
sessões semanais (respectivas aulas). O método consistiu em aplicar em todas as aulas, um
conjunto de exercícios de condição física, sendo que estes eram aplicados no inicio da aula
(Grupo 1) e no final da aula (Grupo 2). A avaliação da Aptidão Física foi realizada através da
bateria de testes do FITNESSGRAM® nas seguintes provas: teste da milha, teste dos
abdominais, teste da extensão dos membros superiores, teste “senta e alcança” e o teste de
extensão do tronco. Foram ainda usados os testes de Sprint de 30 metros e o teste de
impulsão horizontal com pés unidos. O peso e altura das alunas foram também registados e
analisados. Resultados: Os resultados finais evidenciaram que, apesar de não se registarem
diferenças entre grupos nas componentes de flexibilidade e cardiorrespiratória, nesta última
os dois grupos evidenciaram uma diminuição dos tempos de realização da prova. Nas
componentes de aptidão muscular existiram diferenças significativas em ambos os grupos
(abdominais); contudo, no grupo 1, estes valores são mais significativos nas extensões de
braços e na corrida de velocidade. No grupo 2, houve ganhos significativos no salto horizontal,
embora nestes não existam diferenças entre grupos nos dois momentos de avaliação.
Relativamente à aptidão muscular (força e velocidade) ocorreram algumas diferenças em
função do momento de aplicação do programa de treino. Conclusão: Os resultados parecem
indicar que, no que se refere à melhoria da capacidade cardiorrespiratória, esta não parece
ser influenciada pela ordem com que o programa de treino é aplicado. Parece existir uma
tendência para a melhoria significativa de desempenho da aplicação do programa de treino no
final da sessão quando nas componentes avaliadas predomina a resistência muscular,
enquanto em gestos mais explosivos, apesar dos dados não serem totalmente conclusivos,
parecem existir vantagens da aplicação do programa de condição física no início da sessão.
Introduction: Recently, several studies have been conducted in order to better understand the adaptations induced by exercise; some of them look at what is the best sequence of exercises in order to optimize different motor skills acquisition concerning one or more technical gestures used in different sports. Objective: This study aims to understand the influence of the application sequence of physical fitness exercises in the motor skills acquisition optimization. Methods: The sample consisted of 19 female students from two classes of the 12th grade, aged between 16 and 17 years (16.12 ± 1.34 years) and is divided into 10 female students (Group 1) and 9 female students (Group 2). The work was carried out for 8 weeks with two weekly sessions (in the their classes). We applied a set of exercises for physical fitness in all the classes, and these were applied at the beginning of class (Group 1) and at the end of class (Group 2). The Physical Fitness evaluation was accomplished through the battery of FITNESSGRAM ®tests in the following: one mile test, the abdominal test, the extent of upper limb test, "sit and reach" test and the extension of the trunk; we also used tests for 30-meter sprint and standing long jump test with feet together. The students' weight and height were also recorded and analyzed. Results: The final results show that, despite no differences were registered between groups in the flexibility and endurance component, we could observe a reduced time of test performance in the latter component in the two groups. The muscular fitness components’ differences were significant in both groups (abdominals); however, a group of these values - extensions of the arms and sprinting - is more significant. In group 2, there were significant gains in the long jump, although we cannot observe these differences between groups in both periods. Conclusion: The whole set of results seem to indicate that, considering the improvement of cardiorespiratory fitness, this does not seem to be influenced by the sequence in which the training program is implemented. On the other side, for muscular fitness (strength and speed), there were some differences depending on the moment of application of the training program. In fact, there appears to be a trend for a similar improvement in performance applying the physical fitness program latter in the session when in assessed components predominates muscular endurance, while in most explosive gestures (though data is not fully conclusive), it looks like there are benefits from implementing the physical fitness program early in the session.
Introduction: Recently, several studies have been conducted in order to better understand the adaptations induced by exercise; some of them look at what is the best sequence of exercises in order to optimize different motor skills acquisition concerning one or more technical gestures used in different sports. Objective: This study aims to understand the influence of the application sequence of physical fitness exercises in the motor skills acquisition optimization. Methods: The sample consisted of 19 female students from two classes of the 12th grade, aged between 16 and 17 years (16.12 ± 1.34 years) and is divided into 10 female students (Group 1) and 9 female students (Group 2). The work was carried out for 8 weeks with two weekly sessions (in the their classes). We applied a set of exercises for physical fitness in all the classes, and these were applied at the beginning of class (Group 1) and at the end of class (Group 2). The Physical Fitness evaluation was accomplished through the battery of FITNESSGRAM ®tests in the following: one mile test, the abdominal test, the extent of upper limb test, "sit and reach" test and the extension of the trunk; we also used tests for 30-meter sprint and standing long jump test with feet together. The students' weight and height were also recorded and analyzed. Results: The final results show that, despite no differences were registered between groups in the flexibility and endurance component, we could observe a reduced time of test performance in the latter component in the two groups. The muscular fitness components’ differences were significant in both groups (abdominals); however, a group of these values - extensions of the arms and sprinting - is more significant. In group 2, there were significant gains in the long jump, although we cannot observe these differences between groups in both periods. Conclusion: The whole set of results seem to indicate that, considering the improvement of cardiorespiratory fitness, this does not seem to be influenced by the sequence in which the training program is implemented. On the other side, for muscular fitness (strength and speed), there were some differences depending on the moment of application of the training program. In fact, there appears to be a trend for a similar improvement in performance applying the physical fitness program latter in the session when in assessed components predominates muscular endurance, while in most explosive gestures (though data is not fully conclusive), it looks like there are benefits from implementing the physical fitness program early in the session.
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Palavras-chave
Desporto - Aptidão física Desporto - Mulheres jovens - Condição física Desporto - Mulheres jovens - Condição física - Avaliação Aptidão física - Avaliação - Fitnessgram