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Impacto de Políticas de Saúde na Infeção VIH/SIDA em Portugal
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Abstract(s)
Introdução: Após 40 anos do início da pandemia do VIH/SIDA em Portugal e
com a evolução do perfil da pessoa que vive com VIH, faz-se uma revisão sobre as
principais medidas adotadas pelas autoridades portuguesas e o seu impacto na infeção.
Objetivos: Listar as políticas de saúde para o VIH/SIDA implementadas em
Portugal, averiguar a sua eficácia e propor novas medidas a adotar.
Métodos: Para a listagem das medidas implementadas em Portugal, recorreuse aos relatórios de vigilância epidemiológica do Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor
Ricardo Jorge. Já para a verificação da sua eficácia e proposta de novas medidas a adotar,
fez-se uma pesquisa na base de dados PubMed.
Desenvolvimento do tema: Várias medidas foram elaboradas e
implementadas, focando nas várias componentes associadas com a infeção VIH desde a
prevenção, com medidas como a educação para a saúde, transmissão sexual, no âmbito
do consumo de drogas injetáveis, na testagem e rastreio, bem como na profilaxia pré e
pós-exposição. Analisou-se ainda a evolução da orgânica política para o VIH e também
medidas para a proteção das pessoas que vivem com VIH. Todas as medidas mostraram
ser suportadas por evidência científica robusta. Outras medidas foram implementadas
noutros países com algum sucesso, como o recurso a meios tecnológicos para a
modulação de comportamentos de risco ou a aplicação de questionários específicos para
avaliação adequada dos fatores de risco na população.
Conclusão: A ação política das autoridades de saúde contra o VIH é distinta e
comprovada pela evidência. No entanto, mantém-se oportunidade de ação no
diagnóstico precoce e potenciação da profilaxia pré-exposição e educação para a saúde
nas populações em risco acrescido (pessoas heterossexuais com mais de 50 anos, homens
que têm sexo com homens e migrantes). Requerem-se ainda estudos na população
portuguesa, com vista a avaliar de forma mais assertiva o impacto das medidas atuais e
futuras, ajustadas aos grupos populacionais específicos.
Introduction: Forty years after the onset of the HIV/AIDS pandemic in Portugal and with the evolution of the profile of individuals living with HIV, a review is conducted on the main measures adopted by Portuguese authorities and their impact on the infection. Objectives: To list the health policies for HIV/AIDS implemented in Portugal, assess their effectiveness, and propose new measures to be adopted. Methods: To compile the list of measures implemented in Portugal, reports from the epidemiological surveillance of the Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge were consulted. To assess their effectiveness and propose new measures to be adopted, a search was conducted in the PubMed database. Development of the topic: Various measures have been developed and implemented, addressing the different components associated with HIV infection. These include prevention strategies such as health education, sexual transmission prevention, interventions targeting injectable drug use, testing and screening programs and pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis. Additionally, the evolution of political frameworks to address HIV and measures to protect individuals living with HIV were analyzed. All measures were found to be supported by robust scientific evidence. Other strategies, implemented successfully in other countries, were also explored, such as the use of technological tools to modulate risk behaviors and the application of specific questionnaires to adequately assess risk factors in the population. Conclusion: The Portuguese health authorities' political actions against HIV are distinctive and supported by evidence. However, opportunities remain to improve early diagnosis, enhancement of pre-exposure prophylaxis, and health education among highrisk populations (heterosexual individuals over 50 years of age, men who have sex with men and migrants). Further studies on the Portuguese population are needed to more accurately evaluate the impact of current and future measures, aimed to specific population groups.
Introduction: Forty years after the onset of the HIV/AIDS pandemic in Portugal and with the evolution of the profile of individuals living with HIV, a review is conducted on the main measures adopted by Portuguese authorities and their impact on the infection. Objectives: To list the health policies for HIV/AIDS implemented in Portugal, assess their effectiveness, and propose new measures to be adopted. Methods: To compile the list of measures implemented in Portugal, reports from the epidemiological surveillance of the Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge were consulted. To assess their effectiveness and propose new measures to be adopted, a search was conducted in the PubMed database. Development of the topic: Various measures have been developed and implemented, addressing the different components associated with HIV infection. These include prevention strategies such as health education, sexual transmission prevention, interventions targeting injectable drug use, testing and screening programs and pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis. Additionally, the evolution of political frameworks to address HIV and measures to protect individuals living with HIV were analyzed. All measures were found to be supported by robust scientific evidence. Other strategies, implemented successfully in other countries, were also explored, such as the use of technological tools to modulate risk behaviors and the application of specific questionnaires to adequately assess risk factors in the population. Conclusion: The Portuguese health authorities' political actions against HIV are distinctive and supported by evidence. However, opportunities remain to improve early diagnosis, enhancement of pre-exposure prophylaxis, and health education among highrisk populations (heterosexual individuals over 50 years of age, men who have sex with men and migrants). Further studies on the Portuguese population are needed to more accurately evaluate the impact of current and future measures, aimed to specific population groups.
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Keywords
Impacto Políticas de Saúde Portugal Sida Vih