| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.1 MB | Adobe PDF |
Authors
Abstract(s)
O ritmo acelerado e desequilibrado da ocupação dos solos para urbanização e construção de infraestruturas tem vindo a provocar a sua degradação. A crescente impermeabilização dos solos é um dos principais fatores da sua degradação, eliminando grande parte da sua utilidade, o que constitui um motivo de preocupação. Os solos proporcionam uma vasta gama de funções, tais como, filtração da água para os aquíferos, remoção de contaminantes e redução da frequência e do risco de inundações e secas.
A União Europeia tem vindo a definir orientações no sentido de proporcionar melhores práticas no que respeita a limitar, atenuar ou compensar a impermeabilização dos solos de modo a manter as suas funções ecossistémicas. A utilização de superfícies permeáveis em alternativa à impermeabilização dos solos é uma das medidas a aplicar. O pavimento permeável devido à quantidade de vazios que possui, permite a infiltração da água na sua superfície reduzindo o volume de escoamento superficial e a probabilidade de ocorrência de picos de cheia.
A presente dissertação tem como objetivo central desenvolver e avaliar a eficiência de um pavimento permeável na redução do escoamento superficial tendo como referência o pavimento convencional. Neste sentido, o trabalho desenvolveu-se em duas fases: na primeira fase foram estudadas as diferentes camadas constituintes do pavimento, tendo sido construído um pavimento permeável e um impermeável (como referência). De acordo com os trabalhos de outros autores definiram-se os materiais a utilizar nas diferentes camadas, as respetivas espessuras, e no caso da camada de desgaste determinaram-se as características mecânicas do betão betuminoso drenante e denso. Na segunda fase construiu-se um simulador de chuva numa área do laboratório de Construção do Departamento de Engenharia Civil e Arquitetura da Universidade da Beira Interior, que permitiu a avaliação do desempenho hidráulico do pavimento desenvolvido, através da recolha de dados sobre o volume de escoamento superficial, a taxa de infiltração e a avaliação do coeficiente de escoamento superficial gerado pelos diferentes pavimentos.
Concluiu-se que a solução estudada para o pavimento permeável contribui para um aumento da permeabilidade e, consequentemente atua como um sistema mitigador dos efeitos de inundações nos centros urbanos, nomeadamente na aplicação em grandes áreas públicas ou privadas, estacionamentos, parques, zonas de prática desportiva, passeios e ruas de baixo de trafego.
The growing urban occupation of soil through infrastructure constructions leads to increasing the degradation issue. The impermeabilization is one of the most important factors that can directly increase the degradation of the soil structure. Nevertheless, allowing decreasing properties of the soil structure. Properties of the soil directly influence on the utilization of the soil. For instance, increases of drainage to aquifers through the soil structure, resulting remove of contaminants and consequently, reduces the frequency and risk of floods and droughts. The European Union suggested some guidelines for prevent impermeabilization of the soil in order to reach to the best solutions with respect to the limitations such as: mitigate or compensate the soil sealing in order to maintain their ecosystemic functions. One of the practical solutions that can assist to prevent impermeabilization of the soil is using of permeable surface. The permeable or porous pavement, due to the amount of pores it contains, allows the infiltration of water through its surface, reducing the volume of runoff and the probability of an overflow of stormwater. The present research study was focused on the development and evaluation of an efficiency permeable pavement in order to reduce runoff when compared with the reference or dense asphalt pavement. The work was developed on two phases: in the first phase was investigated various constituent layers of the pavement, conducting one permeable and one impermeable pavement. Regarding the first phase of this study, the materials for the multilayered pavements were selected based on the suggestions from the literature. In this way, the thickness and material components of each layer was determined. Furthermore, mechanical properties of the porous and dense asphalts were assessed. In the second phase, a rainfall simulator was designed and created at laboratory of construction in the Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture at the University of Beira Interior, which allowed the direct evaluation of the hydraulic performance of the developed pavement, by collecting data on volume the runoff surface, the infiltration rate and evaluating the runoff coefficient generated by the different pavements. The lessons learnt from this set of experiments, it can be conclude that, a permeable pavement, can act as a system to mitigate the effects of floods in urban centers and also it can be extended to the following applications: public areas, private parking, parks, complex, sidewalks and streets with lower traffic.
The growing urban occupation of soil through infrastructure constructions leads to increasing the degradation issue. The impermeabilization is one of the most important factors that can directly increase the degradation of the soil structure. Nevertheless, allowing decreasing properties of the soil structure. Properties of the soil directly influence on the utilization of the soil. For instance, increases of drainage to aquifers through the soil structure, resulting remove of contaminants and consequently, reduces the frequency and risk of floods and droughts. The European Union suggested some guidelines for prevent impermeabilization of the soil in order to reach to the best solutions with respect to the limitations such as: mitigate or compensate the soil sealing in order to maintain their ecosystemic functions. One of the practical solutions that can assist to prevent impermeabilization of the soil is using of permeable surface. The permeable or porous pavement, due to the amount of pores it contains, allows the infiltration of water through its surface, reducing the volume of runoff and the probability of an overflow of stormwater. The present research study was focused on the development and evaluation of an efficiency permeable pavement in order to reduce runoff when compared with the reference or dense asphalt pavement. The work was developed on two phases: in the first phase was investigated various constituent layers of the pavement, conducting one permeable and one impermeable pavement. Regarding the first phase of this study, the materials for the multilayered pavements were selected based on the suggestions from the literature. In this way, the thickness and material components of each layer was determined. Furthermore, mechanical properties of the porous and dense asphalts were assessed. In the second phase, a rainfall simulator was designed and created at laboratory of construction in the Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture at the University of Beira Interior, which allowed the direct evaluation of the hydraulic performance of the developed pavement, by collecting data on volume the runoff surface, the infiltration rate and evaluating the runoff coefficient generated by the different pavements. The lessons learnt from this set of experiments, it can be conclude that, a permeable pavement, can act as a system to mitigate the effects of floods in urban centers and also it can be extended to the following applications: public areas, private parking, parks, complex, sidewalks and streets with lower traffic.
Description
Keywords
Escoamento Superficial Pavimento Permeável Simulador de Chuva Zonas Urbanas