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A Construção Visual das Relações Internacionais: A Significação do Médio Oriente através de Filmes e Videojogos
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Abstract(s)
A dimensão visual e a cultural popular são hoje reconhecidas como fatores essenciais para
compreender a construção social da política internacional. Filmes, fotografias ou
videojogos são por isso tidos como objetos importantes no estudo das Relações
Internacionais, levando ao que alguns autores apelidaram de uma “viragem visual” na
disciplina. Esta dissertação inspira-se nesta literatura e visa contribuir para ela. Através de
uma análise comparativa de caracter qualitativo, apoiada na ideia de retórica processual
de Ian Bogost e inspirada pelos trabalhos desenvolvidos no âmbito da geopolítica crítica e
popular, esta dissertação tem como objetivo compreender a construção social do Médio
Oriente no contexto da Guerra ao Terrorismo através da análise e comparação de quatro
filmes e quatro videojogos. Em ambos os casos, os objetos de estudo foram selecionados
devido à sua disseminação global. Através da análise realizada, verificamos que em todas
as obras visuais estudadas o Médio Oriente é sistematicamente retratado como um espaço
pobre, anárquico, desolado, onde os seus residentes são vistos como perigosos, e a ameaça
terrorista pode emergir a qualquer momento.
The visual dimension and popular culture are now recognised as essential factors in understanding the social construction of international politics. Films, photographs and video games are therefore seen as important objects in the study of International Relations, leading to what some authors have called a ‘visual turn’ in the discipline. This dissertation is inspired by this literature and aims to contribute to it. Through a qualitative comparative analysis, supported by Ian Bogost's idea of procedural rhetoric and inspired by work developed in the field of critical and popular geopolitics, this dissertation aims to understand the social construction of the Middle East in the context of the War on Terrorism by analysing and comparing four films and four video games. In both cases, the objects of study were selected due to their global dissemination. Through the analysis carried out, we found that in all the visual works studied, the Middle East is systematically portrayed as a poor, anarchic, desolate space, where its residents are seen as dangerous, and the terrorist threat could emerge at any moment.
The visual dimension and popular culture are now recognised as essential factors in understanding the social construction of international politics. Films, photographs and video games are therefore seen as important objects in the study of International Relations, leading to what some authors have called a ‘visual turn’ in the discipline. This dissertation is inspired by this literature and aims to contribute to it. Through a qualitative comparative analysis, supported by Ian Bogost's idea of procedural rhetoric and inspired by work developed in the field of critical and popular geopolitics, this dissertation aims to understand the social construction of the Middle East in the context of the War on Terrorism by analysing and comparing four films and four video games. In both cases, the objects of study were selected due to their global dissemination. Through the analysis carried out, we found that in all the visual works studied, the Middle East is systematically portrayed as a poor, anarchic, desolate space, where its residents are seen as dangerous, and the terrorist threat could emerge at any moment.
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Keywords
Enquadramento Visual Geopolítica Crítica Médio Oriente Pós-Estruturalismo Retórica Processual Terrorismo