| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2.48 MB | Adobe PDF |
Authors
Abstract(s)
O presente estudo contempla três capítulos, nomeadamente: Capítulo I – Avaliação da
Utilização versus Uso Indevido de benzodiazepinas, Capítulo II – Relatório de Estágio em
Farmácia Comunitária e Capitulo III - Relatório de Estágio em Farmácia Hospitalar.
O trabalho de investigação centrou-se na avaliação da utilização de benzodiazepinas e do seu
uso indevido, na população pertencente ao concelho da Covilhã. Os dados recolhidos revelam
que o género feminino lidera o consumo de benzodiazepinas. Os idosos com 65 anos ou mais
(48,9%), e os inquiridos detentores do primeiro ciclo (48,1%) constituem os principais
consumidores destes fármacos, constituindo as desordens do sono a indicação terapêutica
mais associada ao seu uso. Nos mais jovens observa-se que o consumo de benzodiazepinas é
principalmente motivado por desordens de ansiedade. De entre as benzodiazepinas, as mais
consumidas apresentam ação ansiolítica, destacando-se o alprazolam como a substância
activa mais utilizada pela população (35,2%). Os dados obtidos corroboram a utilização de
benzodiazepinas de acordo com a prescrição médica pela maior parte dos utentes. Contudo,
14% dos inquiridos reportaram o uso indevido da medicação, prática que foi, marcadamente,
descrita pela faixa etária entre os 35 e os 49 anos e, pelos inquiridos com formação não
superior até ao 12º ano. De entre as formas de uso indevido, a mais observada consistiu no
consumo de uma dose superior à prescrita pelo médico. O estudo confirmou, ainda que, a
prática de uso indevido teve como principal motivação “para ajudar a adormecer”. Aos
resultados mencionados anteriormente, acresce uma condição que revelou estar
importantemente relacionada com a prática de uso indevido, nomeadamente a coexistência
de ansiedade sintomática e alterações do sono. O estudo demonstrou, ainda que, embora o
farmacêutico realize um aconselhamento adequado acerca da toma do fármaco e dos riscos
decorrentes da toma de benzodiazepinas, os utentes praticam o uso indevido da medicação.
Na amostra em estudo, 50 inquiridos revelaram a necessidade de prolongar o tratamento
(posteriormente à cessação do mesmo) mediante prescrição médica, e o principal motivo
associado foi “para ajudar a adormecer”. Relativamente aos riscos decorrentes da utilização
desta classe terapêutica, a maioria dos utentes que, em algum momento, interrompeu
abruptamente o tratamento com benzodiazepinas, apresentou sintomatologia de privação, e
episódios de insónia e ansiedade mais intensos (fenómeno de rebound), sinais indicativos de
desenvolvimento de dependência física. Estes resultados são facilmente compreendidos, uma
vez que, a maioria dos inquiridos exerce um consumo crónico de benzodiazepinas.
Perante os resultados obtidos é inegável o elevado consumo de benzodiazepinas na população
da Covilhã, nomeadamente por pessoas mais idosas. O uso indevido destas substâncias
constitui, hoje em dia, um grave problema de saúde pública, sendo responsabilidades do farmacêutico prevenir e combater esta prática, atentando a todos os sinais e, fornecendo um
aconselhamento adequado.
O segundo capítulo apresenta o Relatório de Estágio em Farmácia Comunitária, o qual
descreve o funcionamento geral da farmácia, os serviços disponibilizados por esta, o processo
de dispensa de medicação, o aconselhamento farmacêutico, as responsabilidades inerentes à
sua profissão, a manipulação de medicamentos, bem como a minha experiência e os
conhecimentos adquiridos ao longo deste período. Este estágio foi realizado na Farmácia
Sant’Ana entre março e maio de 2019. O estágio em farmácia comunitária permitiu-me
consolidar, complementar e adaptar o estudo resultante dos 5 anos de curso com a realidade
prática, compreendendo a importância do farmacêutico enquanto profissional de saúde na
vida e bem-estar do utente.
O terceiro capítulo aborda a minha experiência ao longo do Estágio em Farmácia Hospitalar,
descrevendo as várias etapas do ciclo do medicamento no Centro Hospitalar Universitário da
Cova da Beira (CHUCB). Este capítulo encontra-se, assim, subdividido segundo os serviços
farmacêuticos existentes no CHUCB. O estágio em Farmácia Hospitalar deu-me a conhecer
outra realidade e visão daquilo que é a profissão farmacêutica, tendo apreendido
conhecimentos únicos e enriquecedores para a minha intervenção enquanto futura
profissional de saúde.
The present report is divided into three chapters: Chapter I - Evaluation of Use versus Misuse of benzodiazepines; Chapter II - Internship Report on Community Pharmacy and Chapter III - Internship Report on Hospital Pharmacy. The research work focused on the evaluation of the use and misuse of benzodiazepines in the population of Covilhã. The data collected show that females lead the consumption of benzodiazepines. The elderly aged 65 years and over (48.9%), and respondents with the first cycle of studies (48.1%), are the main consumers of these drugs, mainly for the treatment of sleep disorders. In younger people, it is observed that benzodiazepines consumption is mainly motivated by anxiety disorders. Among the benzodiazepines, the most consumed have anxiolytic action, standing out alprazolam as the most used active substance (35.2%). The data obtained corroborate the use of benzodiazepines according to medical prescription by most users. However, 14% of respondents reported misuse of medication, a practice that was markedly described by the age group between 35 and 49 years and by respondents with no higher education than the 12th grade. Among the forms of misuse, the most observed was the consumption of a higher dose than that prescribed by the doctor. The study also confirmed that the main reason for misuse was "to help you fall asleep". In addition to the results mentioned above, there is a condition that has been shown to be importantly related to misuse, namely the coexistence of symptomatic anxiety and sleep disorders. The study also demonstrated that although the pharmacist provides appropriate advice about taking the drug and the risks posed by taking benzodiazepines, drug users misuse the medication. In the study sample, 50 respondents revealed the need to extend treatment (after cessation) through medical prescription, and the main reason associated with it was “to help you fall asleep”. Regarding the risks arising from the use of this therapeutic class, most users who at some point abruptly discontinued benzodiazepine treatment experienced withdrawal symptoms, and more severe episodes of insomnia and anxiety (rebound phenomenon), indicative signs of development of physical dependence. These results are easily understood since most respondents are consuming benzodiazepines chronically. Given the results obtained it is undeniable that the consumption rate of benzodiazepines is high in the population of Covilhã, particularly by older people. The misuse of these substances is nowadays a serious public health problem, being the pharmacist's responsibility to prevent and combat this practice, paying attention to all signs and providing appropriate advice. The second chapter includes the Community Pharmacy Internship Report, which describes the general operation of the pharmacy, the services offered by the pharmacy, the process of dispensing medication, pharmacist’s counseling, the responsibilities inherent to the profession, the handling of the drugs, as well as my experience and knowledge acquired over this period. This internship was held at Pharmacy Sant’Ana between March and May 2019. The internship in community pharmacy allowed me to consolidate, complement and adapt the study resulting from the 5 years of the course with the practical reality, understanding the importance of the pharmacist as a health professional in the life and well-being of the user. The third chapter addresses my experience throughout the Internship in Hospital Pharmacy, describing the various stages of the drug cycle at the University Hospital Center of Cova da Beira (CHUCB). This chapter is therefore subdivided according to the existing pharmaceutical services in CHUCB. The internship in Hospital Pharmacy gave me the opportunity to know another reality and vision of what is the pharmaceutical profession, as I have learned unique and enriching knowledge for my intervention as a future health professional.
The present report is divided into three chapters: Chapter I - Evaluation of Use versus Misuse of benzodiazepines; Chapter II - Internship Report on Community Pharmacy and Chapter III - Internship Report on Hospital Pharmacy. The research work focused on the evaluation of the use and misuse of benzodiazepines in the population of Covilhã. The data collected show that females lead the consumption of benzodiazepines. The elderly aged 65 years and over (48.9%), and respondents with the first cycle of studies (48.1%), are the main consumers of these drugs, mainly for the treatment of sleep disorders. In younger people, it is observed that benzodiazepines consumption is mainly motivated by anxiety disorders. Among the benzodiazepines, the most consumed have anxiolytic action, standing out alprazolam as the most used active substance (35.2%). The data obtained corroborate the use of benzodiazepines according to medical prescription by most users. However, 14% of respondents reported misuse of medication, a practice that was markedly described by the age group between 35 and 49 years and by respondents with no higher education than the 12th grade. Among the forms of misuse, the most observed was the consumption of a higher dose than that prescribed by the doctor. The study also confirmed that the main reason for misuse was "to help you fall asleep". In addition to the results mentioned above, there is a condition that has been shown to be importantly related to misuse, namely the coexistence of symptomatic anxiety and sleep disorders. The study also demonstrated that although the pharmacist provides appropriate advice about taking the drug and the risks posed by taking benzodiazepines, drug users misuse the medication. In the study sample, 50 respondents revealed the need to extend treatment (after cessation) through medical prescription, and the main reason associated with it was “to help you fall asleep”. Regarding the risks arising from the use of this therapeutic class, most users who at some point abruptly discontinued benzodiazepine treatment experienced withdrawal symptoms, and more severe episodes of insomnia and anxiety (rebound phenomenon), indicative signs of development of physical dependence. These results are easily understood since most respondents are consuming benzodiazepines chronically. Given the results obtained it is undeniable that the consumption rate of benzodiazepines is high in the population of Covilhã, particularly by older people. The misuse of these substances is nowadays a serious public health problem, being the pharmacist's responsibility to prevent and combat this practice, paying attention to all signs and providing appropriate advice. The second chapter includes the Community Pharmacy Internship Report, which describes the general operation of the pharmacy, the services offered by the pharmacy, the process of dispensing medication, pharmacist’s counseling, the responsibilities inherent to the profession, the handling of the drugs, as well as my experience and knowledge acquired over this period. This internship was held at Pharmacy Sant’Ana between March and May 2019. The internship in community pharmacy allowed me to consolidate, complement and adapt the study resulting from the 5 years of the course with the practical reality, understanding the importance of the pharmacist as a health professional in the life and well-being of the user. The third chapter addresses my experience throughout the Internship in Hospital Pharmacy, describing the various stages of the drug cycle at the University Hospital Center of Cova da Beira (CHUCB). This chapter is therefore subdivided according to the existing pharmaceutical services in CHUCB. The internship in Hospital Pharmacy gave me the opportunity to know another reality and vision of what is the pharmaceutical profession, as I have learned unique and enriching knowledge for my intervention as a future health professional.
Description
Keywords
Benzodiazepinas Estágio Farmácia Comunitária Farmácia Hospitalar Uso Indevido