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Authors
Abstract(s)
Os ocupantes das habitações encontram-se expostos a um inúmero conjunto de fatores, que
quando não são controlados ou inspecionados, podem causar problemas graves na sua saúde e no
seu bem-estar, podendo ser potenciados em situações meteorológicas extremas relacionadas com
as alterações climáticas mais recentes.
O objetivo proposto nesta tese consistiu em desenvolver uma metodologia para a avaliação de
riscos para a saúde e bem-estar dos ocupantes das habitações, especialmente aplicável ao parque
habitacional português. Numa primeira fase do desenvolvimento da metodologia, identificaramse
os tipos de perigo a adotar e foram agrupados por tipologias. Seguidamente, para cada perigo,
foram criadas ferramentas de registo de fatores de risco associados às inspeções visuais, às
medições no local, aos ocupantes, à localização da habitação e à idade da habitação. No caso dos
fatores de risco associados às medições, os perigos foram avaliados semanalmente, durante 60
dias, em duas campanhas experimentais. Após a obtenção desses fatores de risco, foi determinada
a classificação de risco da habitação e a respetiva classe de risco, definida por quatro intervalos de
classificação de risco.
A aplicação do Modelo de Avaliação de Riscos para os Ocupantes aos seis casos de estudo reais
(habitações de seis décadas diferentes) e aos oito casos de estudo teóricos, permitiu aferir a sua
aplicabilidade a agregados familiares com composição e idades distintas, e habitações com
diferentes tipos de localização e idades de construção (tendo em conta as características
construtivas e arquitetónicas). Ou seja, a aplicação do modelo permitiu testar e validar o modelo
de avaliação proposto, com recurso a inputs distintos, constituindo uma ferramenta que permite
a classificação das habitações, tendo em conta o bem-estar das pessoas que nela habitam.
Por último, são apresentadas as principais conclusões e propostas para trabalhos futuros.
The occupants of the dwellings are exposed to several factors, which when they are not controlled or inspected, can cause serious problems in their health and well-being, and may be potentiated by the weather situations, related to the latest climate change. The objective proposed in this thesis was to develop a methodology for the assessment of risks to the health and well-being of the occupants of housing, especially applicable to the Portuguese housing. In a first phase of the development of the methodology, the types of hazards to be adopted were identified and were grouped by typologies. Then, for each hazard, were created tools to record the risk factors associated with visual inspections, on-site measurements, occupants, the location of the dwelling and the age of the dwelling. In the case of risk factors associated with measurements, the hazards were assessed weekly, for 60 days, in two experimental campaigns. After obtaining these risk factors, the housing risk rating and the respective risk class were determined, defined by four risk rating intervals. The application of the Risk Assessment Model for Occupants to the six real case studies (dwellings from six different decades) and the eight theoretical case studies, allowed to assess its applicability to households with different composition and age, different types of location and ages of construction (taking into account architectural features). That is, the application of the model allowed to test and validate the proposed evaluation model, using different inputs, constituting a tool that allows the classification of houses, taking into account the well-being of the people who live in it.
The occupants of the dwellings are exposed to several factors, which when they are not controlled or inspected, can cause serious problems in their health and well-being, and may be potentiated by the weather situations, related to the latest climate change. The objective proposed in this thesis was to develop a methodology for the assessment of risks to the health and well-being of the occupants of housing, especially applicable to the Portuguese housing. In a first phase of the development of the methodology, the types of hazards to be adopted were identified and were grouped by typologies. Then, for each hazard, were created tools to record the risk factors associated with visual inspections, on-site measurements, occupants, the location of the dwelling and the age of the dwelling. In the case of risk factors associated with measurements, the hazards were assessed weekly, for 60 days, in two experimental campaigns. After obtaining these risk factors, the housing risk rating and the respective risk class were determined, defined by four risk rating intervals. The application of the Risk Assessment Model for Occupants to the six real case studies (dwellings from six different decades) and the eight theoretical case studies, allowed to assess its applicability to households with different composition and age, different types of location and ages of construction (taking into account architectural features). That is, the application of the model allowed to test and validate the proposed evaluation model, using different inputs, constituting a tool that allows the classification of houses, taking into account the well-being of the people who live in it.
Description
Keywords
Avaliação Riscos Perigos Metodologia Segurança Saúde Habitação