| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 11.47 MB | Adobe PDF |
Authors
Abstract(s)
O presente documento foi elaborado no âmbito da Unidade Curricular “Estágio” do
Mestrado Integrado em Ciências Farmacêuticas, sendo composto por três capítulos:
Capítulo I que aborda a componente de investigação, Capítulo II relativo à experiência
profissionalizante na área da Farmácia Hospitalar e o Capítulo III referente à minha
experiência profissionalizante em Farmácia Comunitária.
O primeiro capítulo, referente à componente de investigação intitula-se “Análise de
biomarcadores metabólicos para o Acidente Vascular Cerebral isquémico, através de
RMN, em urina de indivíduos residentes em estruturas residenciais para idosos da Beira
Interior”. O AVC é uma das principais causas de morte e de incapacidade permanente,
sendo descrito como um défice neurológico súbito, motivado por obstrução do fluxo
sanguíneo (AVC isquémico, 80% dos casos) ou rotura de uma artéria intracraniana (AVC
hemorrágico, 20% dos casos). Relativamente à fisiopatologia da doença existem ainda
muitas dúvidas. Os fatores de risco já estudados e associados ao AVC manifestam-se
insuficientes, pois apesar do seu rigoroso controlo por parte dos clínicos, esta doença tem
ainda mais de 12 milhões de novos casos anualmente. Assim, a descoberta de novos
biomarcadores capazes de prevenir esta doença é essencial. Neste trabalho usamos
Espetroscopia de Ressonância Magnética Nuclear (RMN) para estudar alterações nos
metabólitos presentes na urina de indivíduos residentes em estruturas residenciais para
idosos (ERPIs) da Beira Interior (Covilhã, Fundão, Belmonte). Para isto, foram formados
dois grupos de estudo: grupo controlo constituído por idosos com risco de AVC <5%,
segundo a escala de risco de AVC de Framingham; e um grupo com idosos que sofreram
AVC isquémico. Após análise pelo espetrómetro Brunker AVANCE III 600 MHz, a
análise estatística univariada mostrou diferenças significativas entre o grupo controlo e
o grupo AVC em vinte e um dos quarenta e três metabólitos identificados. Destes, dezoito
metabolitos encontravam-se diminuídos e três encontravam-se aumentados no grupo
AVC. Podemos, deste modo considerar esses metabólitos como potenciais
biomarcadores para acidente vascular cerebral isquémico.
O segundo capítulo descreve todas as atividades desenvolvidas durante o meu estágio
curricular nos Serviços Farmacêuticos da Unidade Local de Saúde Da Cova Da Beira,
Covilhã, no período compreendido entre 5 de fevereiro e 29 de março, sob a orientação
da Dr.ª Olímpia Fonseca. Neste capítulo são descritas as atividades que realizei em cada um dos setores de atuação da farmácia hospitalar assim como as diversas funções
desempenhadas pelos farmacêuticos desses mesmos setores.
O terceiro capítulo contempla toda a experiência e competências adquiridas na Farmácia
Moderna, em Aveiro, no período compreendido entre 1 de abril e 24 de junho, sob
orientação do Dr. Fernando Bastos. Neste, abordo o papel do farmacêutico na farmácia
comunitária e as minhas tarefas e experiências como estagiária.
This document has been elaborated within the scope of the Curricular Unit Internship of the Integrated Master’s Degree in Pharmaceutical Sciences, divided in three distinct chapters: Chapter I which addresses the research component; Chapter II refers to the professional experience in the field of Hospital Pharmacy; and Chapter III covers the professional experience in the field of Community Pharmacy. The first chapter, referring to the research component is entitled “Analysis of metabolic biomarkers for ischemic stroke, using NMR, in urine from individuals living in residential structures for the elderly of Beira Interior”. Stroke is one of the main causes of death and morbidity, being described as a sudden neurological deficit, caused by obstruction of blood flow (ischemic stroke, 80% of cases) or rupture of an intracranial artery (hemorrhagic stroke, 20% of cases). Regarding the pathophysiology of the disease, there are still many uncertainties. The risk factors already studied and associated with stroke are insufficient because, despite rigorous control by clinicians, this disease still has more than 12 million new cases annually. Therefore, the discovery of new biomarkers capable of preventing this disease is essential. In this work we used Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (NMR) to study changes in the metabolites present in the urine of individuals living in residential structures for the elderly of Beira Interior (Covilhã, Fundão, Belmonte). For this purpose, two study groups were formed: a control group consisting of elderly individuals with a stroke risk <5%, according to the Framingham stroke risk scale; and a group of elderly individuals who suffered an ischemic stroke. After analysis by the Bruker AVANCE III 600 MHz spectrometer, the univariate statistical analysis showed significant differences between the control group and the stroke group in twenty one out of the forty-three identified metabolites. Of these, eighteen metabolites were decreased, and three were increased in stroke group. Based on these findings, we can consider these metabolites as potential biomarkers for ischemic stroke. The second chapter describes the activities developed during the curricular internship in the Pharmaceutical Services of the Local Health Unit of Cova Da Beira, Covilhã, between February 5 and March 29, under the guidance of Drª Olímpia Fonseca. This chapter describes the activities I carried out in each of the hospital pharmacy sectors, as well as the different functions performed by pharmacists in these same sectors. The third chapter report all the experience and skills acquired at Farmácia Moderna, in Aveiro, between April 1 and June 24, under the guidance of Dr. Fernando Bastos. In this chapter, I approach, the pharmaceutical role in community pharmacy and my tasks and experiences as an intern during this period.
This document has been elaborated within the scope of the Curricular Unit Internship of the Integrated Master’s Degree in Pharmaceutical Sciences, divided in three distinct chapters: Chapter I which addresses the research component; Chapter II refers to the professional experience in the field of Hospital Pharmacy; and Chapter III covers the professional experience in the field of Community Pharmacy. The first chapter, referring to the research component is entitled “Analysis of metabolic biomarkers for ischemic stroke, using NMR, in urine from individuals living in residential structures for the elderly of Beira Interior”. Stroke is one of the main causes of death and morbidity, being described as a sudden neurological deficit, caused by obstruction of blood flow (ischemic stroke, 80% of cases) or rupture of an intracranial artery (hemorrhagic stroke, 20% of cases). Regarding the pathophysiology of the disease, there are still many uncertainties. The risk factors already studied and associated with stroke are insufficient because, despite rigorous control by clinicians, this disease still has more than 12 million new cases annually. Therefore, the discovery of new biomarkers capable of preventing this disease is essential. In this work we used Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (NMR) to study changes in the metabolites present in the urine of individuals living in residential structures for the elderly of Beira Interior (Covilhã, Fundão, Belmonte). For this purpose, two study groups were formed: a control group consisting of elderly individuals with a stroke risk <5%, according to the Framingham stroke risk scale; and a group of elderly individuals who suffered an ischemic stroke. After analysis by the Bruker AVANCE III 600 MHz spectrometer, the univariate statistical analysis showed significant differences between the control group and the stroke group in twenty one out of the forty-three identified metabolites. Of these, eighteen metabolites were decreased, and three were increased in stroke group. Based on these findings, we can consider these metabolites as potential biomarkers for ischemic stroke. The second chapter describes the activities developed during the curricular internship in the Pharmaceutical Services of the Local Health Unit of Cova Da Beira, Covilhã, between February 5 and March 29, under the guidance of Drª Olímpia Fonseca. This chapter describes the activities I carried out in each of the hospital pharmacy sectors, as well as the different functions performed by pharmacists in these same sectors. The third chapter report all the experience and skills acquired at Farmácia Moderna, in Aveiro, between April 1 and June 24, under the guidance of Dr. Fernando Bastos. In this chapter, I approach, the pharmaceutical role in community pharmacy and my tasks and experiences as an intern during this period.
Description
Keywords
Biomarcadores Farmácia Comunitária Farmácia Hospitalar Idosos Metabolómica por Rmn Risco de Avc Isquémico