Abstract(s)
Objetivos: A visão é um sentido extremamente importante no correto desenvolvimento das crianças. Torna-se então necessário que as crianças sejam observadas, consoante a sua idade, por um optometrista/oftalmologista, de modo a despistar qualquer alteração à normalidade, prevenindo assim problemas visuais futuros. O principal objetivo deste trabalho de investigação consiste em caraterizar e avaliar a epidemiologia bem como os fatores de risco associados a erros refrativos, vergênciais e patologias oculares em crianças dos 0 aos 10 anos de idade.
Métodos: Estudo observacional, descritivo e transversal com caráter analítico com recolha de dados prospetivos. A amostra, não probabilística de conveniência, é constituída por crianças com idades compreendidas entre os 0 e os 10 anos de idade que no período de janeiro a junho de 2013, que frequentaram a consulta externa de pediatria do Centro Hospitalar Cova da Beira. Os dados pessoais foram recolhidos através de um questionário, aplicado aos pais ou representantes legais da criança, e posteriormente recolhidos os dados optométricos (acuidade visual, refração, exame ocular externo, desvios oculares). Os resultados do estudo, foram analisados com recurso ao programa informático Exel e Software Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) versão 20.0 para Windows, tendo sido considerado significativos os resultados com p<0,05.
Resultados: Das 115 crianças observadas, 64,3% pertencia ao Grupo 1, com idades entre os 0 e os 6 anos e 35,7% pertencia m ao Grupo 2, tendo idades compreendidas entre os 6 e os 10 anos. No grupo 1, 62,2% eram do sexo masculino e no grupo 2, 63,4% do sexo masculino. Das 115 crianças avaliadas detetou-se em 43 algum tipo de problema oftalmológico (37,4%): erros de refração e/ou erros vergênciais. No grupo 1, 22,9% das crianças eram hipermetropes e 5,4% míopes. No grupo 2, a incidência de hipermetropia foi de 17,1% e foram consideradas míopes 7,3% das crianças avaliadas neste grupo. Relativamente aos erros vergênciais, no grupo 1 em 23,0% das crianças foi observado algum tipo de desvio, enquanto no grupo 2, foram observados desvios oculares em 29,3% das crianças. Relativamente à avaliação prévia por um optometrista/oftalmologista, das 115 crianças, 36 já tinham sido previamente avaliadas, 18% (n=13) das crianças do Grupo 1, e 56% (n=23) do Grupo 2. Das crianças avaliadas, no grupo 1, 3 apresentavam antecedentes e pessoais e 10 antecedentes familiares de risco de doença oftalmológica, enquanto no grupo 2, 4 crianças apresentavam antecedentes pessoais e 3 antecedentes familiares. Em termos de terapia visual, no grupo 1, 5% das crianças estava a realizar algum tipo de tratamento, enquanto no grupo 2, 12% das crianças se encontrava na mesma situação.
Conclusão: Neste estudo, observou-se uma maior incidência de problemas visuais em relação à literatura. No entanto verificou-se uma concordância em relação aos fatores de risco, tais como, prematuridade, baixo peso ao nascer, antecedentes pessoais e familiares de risco oftalmológico. Com este trabalho conclui-se que uma grande parte das crianças não está a cumprir o Rastreio Oftalmológico Infantil.
Purpose: Vision is an extremely important sense on children development. The main goal of this research work is to characterize and evaluate the epidemiology and risk factors associated with refractive errors, vergence and eye diseases in children from 0 to 10 years old. Methods: Observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study, with analytical character and prospective data collection. The non-probabilistic and convenience sample is made up of children aged from 0 to 10 that attended the outpatient pediatric Hospital Center Cova da Beira between January 2013 and June 2013. The personal data were collected through a questionnaire made to the legal guardian of the children, and after that the clinical data were collected. The results of the study were analyzed on a software named Software Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0, for Windows, being considered significant only the results with p <0.05. Results: From the 115 observed children, 35,7% were aged between 6 and 10, and 64,3% between 0 and 6. On the first group, 37,8% of the children were female and 62,2% were male. On the other hand, on group 2, 36,6% were female, and 63,4% were male. The higher incidence of refractive errors was found in group 1, where 22.9% of children were farsighted, and 5.4% of them nearsighted. On the second group the incidence of farsighted was 17,1%, and were considered nearsighted 7,3% of the children evaluated. Towards the vergence errors, on group 1, was observed ocular deviations on 23,0% of the children, while on group 2 that number increased to 29,3%. From the children evaluated on group 1, three of them had personal background, and ten of them family history, whereas on group 2, 4 had personal background and 3 family history. There was a higher percentage when was verified a previous observation by a health professional on group 2, which is 56% compared to 18% in Group 1. In terms of visual therapy, on group 1, 5% of the children were doing some kind of treatment, while in group 2, the percentage of children on this same situation was 12%. Conclusion: In this study was verified a higher incidence of visual problems compared to the literature. However, was conferred a conformity regarding the risk factors, such as, prematurity, low birth weight, personal and family history.
Purpose: Vision is an extremely important sense on children development. The main goal of this research work is to characterize and evaluate the epidemiology and risk factors associated with refractive errors, vergence and eye diseases in children from 0 to 10 years old. Methods: Observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study, with analytical character and prospective data collection. The non-probabilistic and convenience sample is made up of children aged from 0 to 10 that attended the outpatient pediatric Hospital Center Cova da Beira between January 2013 and June 2013. The personal data were collected through a questionnaire made to the legal guardian of the children, and after that the clinical data were collected. The results of the study were analyzed on a software named Software Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0, for Windows, being considered significant only the results with p <0.05. Results: From the 115 observed children, 35,7% were aged between 6 and 10, and 64,3% between 0 and 6. On the first group, 37,8% of the children were female and 62,2% were male. On the other hand, on group 2, 36,6% were female, and 63,4% were male. The higher incidence of refractive errors was found in group 1, where 22.9% of children were farsighted, and 5.4% of them nearsighted. On the second group the incidence of farsighted was 17,1%, and were considered nearsighted 7,3% of the children evaluated. Towards the vergence errors, on group 1, was observed ocular deviations on 23,0% of the children, while on group 2 that number increased to 29,3%. From the children evaluated on group 1, three of them had personal background, and ten of them family history, whereas on group 2, 4 had personal background and 3 family history. There was a higher percentage when was verified a previous observation by a health professional on group 2, which is 56% compared to 18% in Group 1. In terms of visual therapy, on group 1, 5% of the children were doing some kind of treatment, while in group 2, the percentage of children on this same situation was 12%. Conclusion: In this study was verified a higher incidence of visual problems compared to the literature. However, was conferred a conformity regarding the risk factors, such as, prematurity, low birth weight, personal and family history.
Description
Keywords
Optometria - Relatório de estágio Patologia ocular - Rastreio - Criança - 0-10 idade Patologia ocular - Factores de risco Patologia ocular - Erros refractivos Patologia ocular - Erros vergênciais
Citation
Publisher
Universidade da Beira Interior