| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 827.7 KB | Adobe PDF |
Authors
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A prática de exercício físico regular tem mostrado efeitos positivos na redução das alterações decorrentes do processo de envelhecimento em vários domínios. Contudo a atual prevalência da demência e a necessidade de promover maior autonomia e independência dos idosos implica que novas metodologias sejam otimizadas. As intervenções dual task, nomeadamente as que combinam simultaneamente a realização de uma tarefa motora e uma tarefa cognitiva, têm apresentado resultados promissores.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos de um programa de exercício dual task na aptidão física, no estado cognitivo e na qualidade de vida de idosos institucionalizados em comparação com um programa de exercício e treino cognitivo realizados separadamente. A amostra foi composta por 28 idosos de instituições sociais da Covilhã sem distúrbios cognitivos e sem limitações motoras. Foram constituídos 2 grupos por seleção aleatória das instituições: o grupo dual task (GDT) (n=13, 83,0±6,2 anos) e o grupo exercício mais treino cognitivo (GEC) (n=15, 83,4±7,7 anos). Cada grupo foi sujeito a uma intervenção específica durante 4 meses com 2 momentos de avaliação: antes e após a intervenção. A aptidão física foi avaliada com a bateria Rikli e Jones e o equilíbrio foi medido com a escala de Berg. Foi ainda usado o Mini Mental State Examination para avaliar o estado cognitivo e o Perfil de Saúde de Nottingham para medir a qualidade de vida dos idosos. O teste de Wilcoxon foi usado para inferência estatística intragrupo e o teste U de Mann-Whitney para avaliar as diferenças intergrupos, com o intervalo de confiança 95%.
Os resultados mostraram melhorias significativas de ambos grupos ao nível da força muscular dos membros inferiores e superiores. No entanto o GDT apresentou ainda aumentos significativos ao nível do equilíbrio dinâmico e no domínio das interações sociais da qualidade de vida (p<0.05). Não foram encontradas diferenças entre os dois grupos em termos cognitivos, mas o GDT apresentou uma pontuação superior no MMSE após a intervenção (Þ<0.1). Os resultados obtidos sugerem que o programa de exercício dual task, apesar de ser realizado em contexto de dupla tarefa, também melhora algumas capacidades físicas dos idosos, podendo representar uma mais valia no equilíbrio funcional, fundamental na prevenção das quedas, e ainda apresenta potencial para melhorar o estado cognitivo, determinante na prevenção dos distúrbios cognitivos e na manutenção da autonomia dos idosos.
Regular physical exercise has several positive effects in reducing changes in the aging process. However, new exercise methodologies must be optimized to face the current prevalence of dementia and to improve autonomy and independence of the elderly. The dual task exercise interventions, which combine the accomplishment of a motor task and a cognitive task, have presented promising results. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a dual task exercise program on physical fitness, cognitive status and quality of life of institutionalized elderly compared to a separately performed exercise and cognitive training program.. The sample consisted of 28 elderly people from social institutions in Covilhã without cognitive disorders or motor limitations. Two groups were formed by random selection of institutions: the dual task group (GDT) (n=13, 83.0±6.2 years) and the exercise group plus cognitive training (GEC) (n=15, 83.4±7.7 years). Each group was submitted to a specific intervention for 4 months with 2 assessment moments: before and after the intervention. The physical fitness was evaluated with the Rikli and Jones battery and the balance was measured with the Berg scale. The Mini Mental State Examination was also used to assess cognitive status and the Nottingham Health Profile to measure the elderly quality of life. The Wilcoxon test was used for intragroup statistical inference and the Mann-Whitney U test to assess intergroup differences, with the 95% confidence interval. The results showed significant improvements in both groups on muscle strength of the lower and upper limbs. However, GDT also showed significant increases on dynamic balance and on the social interaction domain of quality of life (p<0.05). No differences were found between the two groups in cognitive status, but GDT presented a higher MMSE score after the intervention (Þ<0.1). The results suggest that the dual task exercise program, although performed in a dual task context, can improve some of the physical capacities of the elderly. This program improves the functional balance needed to prevent falls, and seems to have potential to improve the cognitive state needed to prevent the cognitive disorders and increase the autonomy of the elderly.
Regular physical exercise has several positive effects in reducing changes in the aging process. However, new exercise methodologies must be optimized to face the current prevalence of dementia and to improve autonomy and independence of the elderly. The dual task exercise interventions, which combine the accomplishment of a motor task and a cognitive task, have presented promising results. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a dual task exercise program on physical fitness, cognitive status and quality of life of institutionalized elderly compared to a separately performed exercise and cognitive training program.. The sample consisted of 28 elderly people from social institutions in Covilhã without cognitive disorders or motor limitations. Two groups were formed by random selection of institutions: the dual task group (GDT) (n=13, 83.0±6.2 years) and the exercise group plus cognitive training (GEC) (n=15, 83.4±7.7 years). Each group was submitted to a specific intervention for 4 months with 2 assessment moments: before and after the intervention. The physical fitness was evaluated with the Rikli and Jones battery and the balance was measured with the Berg scale. The Mini Mental State Examination was also used to assess cognitive status and the Nottingham Health Profile to measure the elderly quality of life. The Wilcoxon test was used for intragroup statistical inference and the Mann-Whitney U test to assess intergroup differences, with the 95% confidence interval. The results showed significant improvements in both groups on muscle strength of the lower and upper limbs. However, GDT also showed significant increases on dynamic balance and on the social interaction domain of quality of life (p<0.05). No differences were found between the two groups in cognitive status, but GDT presented a higher MMSE score after the intervention (Þ<0.1). The results suggest that the dual task exercise program, although performed in a dual task context, can improve some of the physical capacities of the elderly. This program improves the functional balance needed to prevent falls, and seems to have potential to improve the cognitive state needed to prevent the cognitive disorders and increase the autonomy of the elderly.
Description
Keywords
Capacidades Físicas Dual Task Envelhecimento Estado Cognitivo Exercício Físico