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Abstract(s)
Nos Ășltimos anos, tem-se tido conhecimento de um maior nĂșmero de catĂĄstrofes, nomeadamente catĂĄstrofes naturais e guerras. As guerras surgem na maioria devido aos confrontos polĂticos, religiosos e econĂłmicos. As calamidades ou desastres naturais, consideradas manifestaçÔes inevitĂĄveis da MĂŁe Natureza, tornam-se incontrolĂĄveis e imprevisĂveis. Quando ocorrem deixam milhares de pessoas em condiçÔes de emergĂȘncia, em que perdem tudo o que possuem e sem apoios.
Com o objetivo de responder o mais rapidamente possĂvel a este tipo de situaçÔes, surge a arquitetura de emergĂȘncia. A arquitetura de emergĂȘncia passa pela criação de abrigos temporĂĄrios para acolher e proteger as vĂtimas destas situaçÔes limite, e da necessidade de terem as condiçÔes mĂnimas de habitabilidade num curto espaço de tempo atĂ© serem realojadas. As situaçÔes de desastres/guerras para alĂ©m do impacto direto que tĂȘm para com as vĂtimas, afetam por sua vez um dos principais fatores do Homem, o Habitat.
Este tipo de arquitetura Ă© compreendido como algo transitĂłrio, que exige, portanto, soluçÔes rĂĄpidas, sistemas de custo reduzido e de fĂĄcil execução, apostando assim, maioritariamente, em materiais prĂ©-fabricados, materiais standard, para possibilitarem uma montagem rĂĄpida e de baixo custo. Contudo, neste tipo de arquitetura, nĂŁo se pode pensar sĂł na solução rĂĄpida de construção/montagem de abrigos, pois funciona tambĂ©m como um serviço humanitĂĄrio, onde se deve pensar essencialmente nas necessidades humanas. Com base nesta Ășltima afirmação, Ă© pretendido corresponder da melhor maneira possĂvel neste caso aos refugiados, vĂtimas das guerras que vĂȘm a sua vida destruturada e sem qualquer tipo de probabilidade de voltar ao seu territĂłrio no momento. Estas vĂtimas sĂŁo encaminhadas para campos de refugiados, espaços controlados e delimitados com o mĂnimo de equipamentos, normalmente compostos por tendas aleatĂłrias, fornecidas pela ONU, que nĂŁo surte conforto a estas famĂlias, atĂ© conseguiram organizar as suas vidas.
Esta dissertação pretende em explorar o tema da arquitetura de emergĂȘncia, as suas semelhanças com o nomadismo, e a evolução deste tipo de habitar no desenvolvimento da humanidade, onde as anĂĄlises dos vĂĄrios exemplos estudados servirĂŁo para a criação da proposta conceptual de um modelo. Este terĂĄ de ser de fĂĄcil montagem, de custos reduzidos (flexibilidade e adaptabilidade, como elementos principais) e que permita o conforto para estas famĂlias, durante um curto espaço de tempo.
In recent years there has been a greater number of disasters, including natural disasters and wars. Wars arise in the majority due to the political, religious and economic confrontations. Calamities or natural disasters, considered to be the inevitable manifestations of Mother Nature, become uncontrollable and unpredictable. When they do they leave thousands of people in emergency conditions, where they lose everything they own and without support. In order to respond as quickly as possible to this type of situation, the emergency architecture emerges. The emergency architecture is the creation of temporary shelters to receive and protect the victims of these limit situations, and the need to have the minimum conditions of habitability in a short time until they are relocated. Disasters / wars, apart from the direct impact they have on the victims, in turn affect one of the main human factors, Habitat. This type of architecture is perceived as transient, requiring fast solutions, cost-effective and easy-to-execute systems, thus focusing mainly on prefabricated materials, standard materials, to enable quick and low cost assembly. However, in this type of architecture, one can not only think of the quick solution of building / assembling shelters, it also functions as a humanitarian service, where human needs must be thought essentially. On the basis of this last statement, it is intended to correspond in the best possible way to the refugees who are the victims of the wars that come into their lives and which are not likely to return to their territory at the moment. These victims are sent to refugee camps, controlled spaces and delimited with the minimum equipment, usually composed of random tents, provided by the UN, which does not provide comfort to these families until they have managed to organize their lives. This dissertation aims at exploring the theme of emergency architecture, its similarities with nomadism, and the evolution of this type of dwelling in the development of humanity, where the analyzes of the various examples studied will serve to create a conceptual proposal for a model. This will have to be easy to assemble, with reduced costs (flexibility and adaptability as main elements) and to allow comfort for these families for a short time.
In recent years there has been a greater number of disasters, including natural disasters and wars. Wars arise in the majority due to the political, religious and economic confrontations. Calamities or natural disasters, considered to be the inevitable manifestations of Mother Nature, become uncontrollable and unpredictable. When they do they leave thousands of people in emergency conditions, where they lose everything they own and without support. In order to respond as quickly as possible to this type of situation, the emergency architecture emerges. The emergency architecture is the creation of temporary shelters to receive and protect the victims of these limit situations, and the need to have the minimum conditions of habitability in a short time until they are relocated. Disasters / wars, apart from the direct impact they have on the victims, in turn affect one of the main human factors, Habitat. This type of architecture is perceived as transient, requiring fast solutions, cost-effective and easy-to-execute systems, thus focusing mainly on prefabricated materials, standard materials, to enable quick and low cost assembly. However, in this type of architecture, one can not only think of the quick solution of building / assembling shelters, it also functions as a humanitarian service, where human needs must be thought essentially. On the basis of this last statement, it is intended to correspond in the best possible way to the refugees who are the victims of the wars that come into their lives and which are not likely to return to their territory at the moment. These victims are sent to refugee camps, controlled spaces and delimited with the minimum equipment, usually composed of random tents, provided by the UN, which does not provide comfort to these families until they have managed to organize their lives. This dissertation aims at exploring the theme of emergency architecture, its similarities with nomadism, and the evolution of this type of dwelling in the development of humanity, where the analyzes of the various examples studied will serve to create a conceptual proposal for a model. This will have to be easy to assemble, with reduced costs (flexibility and adaptability as main elements) and to allow comfort for these families for a short time.
Description
Keywords
Arquitetura de EmergĂȘncia Modular MĂłdulo TemporĂĄrio Nomadismo Refugiados