Browsing by Author "Medina, Maxell Rafael Rodriguez"
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- Assessment of pipette-tip magnetic solid phase extraction for determination of sulfonamides in waterPublication . Medina, Maxell Rafael Rodriguez; Bernardo, Francisco Javier Guzmán; Alba, Maria Eugénia GallardoThe widespread use of sulfonamides, in the population, in hospitals and veterinary medicine has raised concerns about the discharge of these compounds to the environment. The common treatments in wastewater, treatment plants cannot remove these compounds efficiently, which makes them end up in the water bodies, with concerning associated problems such as bacterial resistance. Therefore, it is essential to develop analytical methods that are both sensitive and selective to monitor and determine these compounds in water. A crucial step in the analytical process is the sample preparation, which allows its purification and concentration. Solid phase extraction (SPE) is a commonly used technique for this purpose, but it has several drawbacks such as associated costs, solvent consumption, possible column clogging among others. The development of dispersive modes together with the use of nanoparticles, as sorbents due to their high surface area is an excellent alternative to overcome several limitations in the field of extraction. Additionally, if the nanoparticles used as sorbents are magnetic, the phase separation can be easily carried out with an external magnetic field, this approach is called magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE). An innovative variant of the MSPE method is pipette-tip magnetic solid phase extraction (PT-MSPE), in which extraction and elution are performed in a pipette tip. Its ability to operate with small volumes of solvents, its speed and efficiency, and its high selectivity and sensitivity make it ideal for a wide range of analytical applications. Furthermore, its alignment with sustainability principles reinforces its attractiveness in the development of modern and environmentally responsible analytical methods. This work presents an innovative method for the determination of four sulfonamides in water, sulfamethoxazole (SMX), sulfathiazole (STZ), sulfamethoxypyridazine (SMP) and sulfamethazine (SMT), using magnetic nanoparticles embedded in a selective commercial sorbent by PT-MSPE prior to determination by liquid chromatography and ultraviolet detection. The PT-MSPE method was provided limits of detection and quantification of 0.78-2.6 µg L-1 and 6-20 µg L-1 , and enrichment factors up to 6.6. Also, it was positively evaluated by three environmental impact assessment tools of analytical processes.