Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2023-06-13"
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- Lactation suppression protocols: A narrative reviewPublication . Rocha, Maria Margarida Sarreira; Oliveira, José António Martinez Souto de; Silvestre, Samuel MartinsIntroduction: Although the benefits of breastfeeding to the mother and the infant are consensual, there are maternal or neonatal contraindications to breastfeeding or waivers on the mother’s behalf. However, the best method for the inhibition of lactation is still unclear and the strategies for this are not protocolized, making the suppression of this physiological process difficult, time-consuming, and inefficient. Objective: With the present work, it is intended to explore current methods to suppress lactation, review current knowledge on this topic and reach a conclusion on the most appropriate recommendations for these situations. Methods and Materials: This bibliographic review was based on scientific articles published in PubMed, Google Scholar, and SciELO and portals of obstetrics and gynecology's most relevant scientific societies. During the research, the PRISMA guideline was used. Results and Discussion: 21 articles were selected that allowed discussing several points, including the effectiveness of non-pharmacological methods vs pharmacological methods in suppressing lactation, as well as their indications, contraindications, adverse effects and their availability in Portugal and the existence or not of protocols/guidelines to act on the influence of lactation. Conclusion: There are no defined protocols accredited by different societies for lactation suppression. More investments are needed in this area to build up guidelines to be applied to these situations. If these existed, they could provide safer, faster, and better results for both patients and physicians.
- Perfil Sensorial: das Perturbações Regulatórias do Processamento Sensorial ao diagnóstico atualPublication . Cunha, Filipa Maria da; Moreira, Ana Margarida Leitão; Gaspar, Eugénia Sofia BragaIntrodução: As Perturbações Regulatórias do Processamento Sensorial (PRPS) caracterizam-se por um padrão de comportamento associado a dificuldades na regulação de emoções, comportamentos e planeamento motor em resposta a estímulos sensoriais, tendo repercussões no desenvolvimento, atenção e socialização. As PRPS têm sido associadas a várias condições clínicas, como Perturbações do Neurodesenvolvimento [em particular Perturbação do Espetro do Autismo (PEA) e Perturbação de Hiperatividade e Défice de Atenção (PHDA)], ansiedade, depressão e comportamentos externalizantes. A ferramenta mais utilizada para aferir as PRPS é o “Perfil Sensorial”, criado por Dunn em 1999, um questionário que avalia as capacidades do processamento sensorial. Objetivos: Caracterizar as PRPS na consulta do Serviço de Psiquiatria da Infância e Adolescência do Centro Hospitalar Universitário Cova da Beira (CHUCB) e analisar a correlação do resultado do Perfil Sensorial de Dunn previamente aplicado com o diagnóstico atual. Métodos: Estudo observacional, retrospetivo e descritivo realizado através da análise dos processos clínicos dos utentes do Serviço de Psiquiatria da Infância e Adolescência do CHUCB com idades entre os 3 e os 10 anos, com pelo menos uma aplicação do questionário Perfil Sensorial de Dunn e, no mínimo, seis meses de seguimento pedopsiquiátrico. A análise estatística foi realizada através do programa informático Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), versão 25. Resultados: Foram incluídas 30 crianças, com idade mediana de 8 anos à data de aplicação do questionário. Verificou-se maior prevalência de alterações no sexo masculino (80,0%). A maioria das alterações foi registada em crianças com o diagnóstico de PEA (50,0%) e de PHDA (26,7%). Observou-se maior probabilidade de existência de psicopatologia se surgem alterações a nível da Procura Sensorial no Perfil Sensorial de Dunn (p=0.014), sendo significativamente mais frequente nas crianças com PHDA (87,5%). Conclusão: Este estudo realça a importância de os profissionais de saúde estarem atentos aos aspetos sensoriais presentes em crianças com outros diagnósticos psicopatológicos, em particular no caso de PHDA, e de considerarem a aplicação precoce do Perfil Sensorial de Dunn e intervenção direcionada a estas alterações.
- Eye discomfort at close work in Portuguese university students: A comparative analysis between the pre-COVID and confinement periodPublication . Nunes, Amélia Fernandes; Leitão, Mara Filipa Antunes; Nunes, António; Monteiro, PedroBackground Many individuals experience visual symptoms associated with near work. The level of discomfort appears to increase with the amount of digital screen use. Objective To study the eye discomfort with near tasks in university students in the pre-COVID period and in the period of confinement due to the pandemic. Methods Two independent samples of students, aged between 18 and 35 years, were used to assess symptomatic behaviour with the Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey (CISS) questionnaire. In the pre-COVID period the sample had 342 participants, 64.6% females and in the COVID period 322 students participated, 71.4% females. The study of differences was carried out by the Mann-Whitney U test. The interpretation of the statistical inference was performed for a significance level≤0.05. Results There was an increase in the number of symptomatic cases in the COVID period without statistical evidence of differences in the frequency of symptoms reported in the two periods. The dimensions "somatic sensations" and "cognitive performance" were the typology of symptoms that most contributed to visual complaints with near vision. There was a significantly different symptomatic behaviour between genders in the period of confinement (p = 0.001), worsening in females and improving in males. Conclusion These findings suggest that females and males exposed to digital environments, over time, may exhibit different symptomatic behaviour. Our results suggest that boys adapt more quickly than girls. Factors that predispose to these changes, aetiology and potential intervention actions still need further study.