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Percorrer Departamento de Gestão e Economia por Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS) "12:Produção e Consumo Sustentáveis"
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- Agricultura 4.0 - A Tecnologia como uma Nova “Alfaia” ao Serviço dos AgricultoresPublication . Matos, Maria Martins de; Dias, Claudia Sofia Lourenço; Madeira, Maria José AguilarA agricultura foi, desde sempre, um dos setores mais relevantes a nível mundial. Assim sendo, é crucial que, com a chegada da Agricultura 4.0, seja prioritário perceber quais as carências e preocupações dos empresários agrícolas pois, a capacidade de utilização de tecnologias digitais é fundamental para o sucesso da Agricultura 4.0 e, compreender os fatores que influenciam essas capacidades é primário tanto para orientar políticas públicas como estratégias empresariais. O presente estudo tem como principal objetivo compreender os fatores que influenciam a utilização de tecnologias digitais nas pequenas e médias empresas (PMEs) agrícolas, de forma a promover a criação ou reconversão de pequenos negócios agrícolas. Mais precisamente, esta investigação foi conduzida através da seguinte questão: De que forma o uso de tecnologias digitais pode promover a criação ou reconversão de pequenos negócios agrícolas? Com a principal finalidade de tentar dar resposta a este objetivo e questão de investigação, realizou-se um estudo de casos. Os casos selecionados correspondem a empresários agrícolas do distrito da Guarda. Como instrumento de recolha de dados optou-se, essencialmente, por entrevistas semi-estruturadas aos agricultores selecionados e, como técnica de tratamento de dados, utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo. Os resultados obtidos indicaram essencialmente que o empreendedorismo no setor agrícola deve ser uma prioridade, e o recurso a tecnologias digitais um meio para que as PMEs agrícolas acompanhem a evolução do mercado. Para além disso, é essencial que exista apoio das políticas agrícolas, uma vez que a falta de financiamento pode constituir um dos principais entraves à utilização de tecnologias digitais. Da mesma forma, é notória a preocupação por parte dos pequenos agricultores em arranjar novas fontes de rendimento.
- Do International touristic activities and their revenues affect economic growth and GHG? A GMM approachPublication . Ferreira, Rúben Filipe Sousa; Moutinho, Vítor Manuel Ferreira; Marques, Luís Miguel Soares SantosTourism is pivotal to economic growth, but its impacts differ extensively among nations, which may reflect differences in infrastructure, institutional quality, and environmental policy. The present study explores the association between tourism, economic growth, and CO2 emissions for 21 European and non-European nations from 2000 to 2023 with a focus on structural and institutional heterogeneity. Empirical estimation is panel data oriented and employs the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) that adjusts for endogeneity of the regressors, and unobserved country-specific heterogeneity. Economic development is captured through GDP, and CO2 emissions are tested in level and first difference to allow the study to capture structural and short-run impacts. Results indicate that tourism has different effects on economic growth: tourist receipts have a positive effect on GDP, whereas tourist arrivals have zero or negative effects, particularly in Europe with more restrictive infrastructural and resource constraints. With regards to environmental effects, there are different patterns at play here. Development and tourism for European nations are associated with rising short-term CO2 emissions but followed by energy innovation and policy-led carbon intensity in the medium term, in line with Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis. For the rest of countries, the relationship between tourism, development, and emissions is weaker, aligned with institutional and energy access-constrained and weaker enforcement of environmental policy. The results support an argument for the significance of policy frameworks that balance economic development and environmental protection. Key priority actions are low-carbon tourism promotion, investment in renewable energy, green infrastructure development, and institutional capacity building region-based strategies have to be put in place to associate economic growth and sustainability aspirations so that tourism becomes a driver of growth without harming global climate objectives.
- Reverse Logistics: A Mixed-Methods Analysis of Barriers, Strategies, and Key DeterminantsPublication . Soares, Miguel Norberto Mendes; Paço, Arminda Maria Finisterra do; Braga, Alexandra Maria SilvaGrowing concern about the environmental impacts of supply chain activities have stimulated the adoption of more sustainable models, highlighting the transition from a linear paradigm to a circular model. In this context, Reverse Logistics (RL) emerges as a fundamental strategic tool, allowing the recovery, re-use and recycling of products and material at the end of their life-cycle, and contributing to environmental, social and economic sustainability. Despite the recognised importance of RL as a strategic tool to promote the sustainability of supply chains, many companies, especially Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) in the textile and footwear sectors in Portugal, find effective implementation difficult. Therefore, this study aimed to identify and analyse the main barriers hindering adoption of RL in these industries, as well as exploring strategies to implement viable and effective RL networks. To do so, and to increase knowledge about the implementation of RL in textile and footwear SMEs, a mixed methodological approach was adopted, including quantitative and qualitative methods in the five studies making up this thesis. The study began with a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) (first study), following the Denyer and Tranfield (2009) protocol, to map existing scientific knowledge about RL and sustainability. The search carried out in May 2023 on the Web of Science and Scopus databases used the key-words “Reverse Logistics” and “Sustainability. The second study applied the Fuzzy Delphi method to validate and categorize in terms of relevance the barriers to implementing RL. This method allowed validation of a number of barriers with a negative impact on implementation of an efficient reverse flow network. The third study combined Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) and Matrices d’Impacts Cross-Multiplication Appliqúe a Classmate (MICMAC) analysis to map hierarchical relations among the barriers. A focus group with eight RL specialists, carried out via Zoom, developed a graphic model of interdependences. The MICMAC analysis classified the barriers in four quadrants (autonomous, dependent, linking and independent), identifying those with the biggest impact. The fourth study focused on SMEs in the textile and footwear sectors, using semistructured interviews with supply chain managers. The intentional sample was formed of participants with practical experience of RL, meaning the themes addressed could be dealt with in depth. The interviews lasted 30 minutes on average and explored specific barriers in the SME context and strategies to overcome them. Finally, the fifth study included the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) and Fuzzy F-MARCOS to prioritize RL implementation strategies. FAHP attributed weights and criteria based on specialists’ linguistic evaluations, while Fuzzy Measurement of Alternatives and Ranking according to Compromise Solution (F-MARCOS) ordered the strategic alternatives, handling uncertainties inherent to multi-criteria decisions. The main research trends in this area were identified, namely, the development of optimization models, performance assessment, outsourcing activities and the challenges of implementation. The most significant barriers to implementation of RL were found to be categorized in seven groups, highlighting the uncertainty in returning products, high costs and the lack of management commitment as the main factors preventing effective implementation. Analysis of the inter-relations among barriers, using ISM and MICMAC methods, showed that the "lack of an appropriate organisational structure" has the greatest influence, with a direct effect on social responsibility. In the textile and footwear sector, the reasons for adopting RL include environmental sustainability, economic benefits and social responsibility. Nevertheless, companies face challenges such as high operational costs and a lack of collaboration. To overcome these obstacles, this study proposes strategies such as the outsourcing of RL activities and developing strategic partnerships.