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- Artificial Intelligence as an Opportunity for Journalism: Insights from the Brazilian and Portuguese MediaPublication . Canavilhas, João; Ioscote, Fabia Cristiane; Gonçalves, AdrianaArtificial Intelligence (AI) has been emerging as a topic of significant interest, attracting the attention of the public and leading to an increase in research and on media coverage of this technology. This article examines how the Brazilian and Portuguese media represent AI in journalism and the challenges it poses. Using digital methods, this study analysed 60 news articles published between June 2022 and June 2024. The data were collected through an anonymous search on Google News, and the content was analysed using sentiment analysis with the PTNews software, followed by a similarity analysis using the Iramuteq software. The results show a predominantly positive sentiment towards AI in journalism, with 91.8% of articles highlighting its benefits, such as increased efficiency and the automation of routine tasks. However, concerns about disinformation, ethical implications, and the potential erosion of journalistic credibility were less emphasised. The analysis also identified key themes, including AI’s dual role as both an enabler and a threat to journalism, the importance of human oversight, and the challenges of newsroom adaptation. The findings suggest that the Brazilian and Portuguese media generally present AI as an opportunity for journalism, often downplaying the associated risks and ethical challenges.
- Decoding Journalism in the Digital Age: Self-Representation, News Quality, and Collaboration in Portuguese NewsroomsPublication . Canavilhas, João; Di Fátima, BrancoThis paper analyses the self-representations of Portuguese media professionals and their work practices. Utilizing data from a broader empirical study, this paper delves into the dynamics of influence among various actors within newsrooms. Based on journalists’ perceptions of the content, the methods they use to assess the quality of the news are also identified. To address these enquiries, a survey was conducted among professionals engaged in the news production process. This sample comprised 72 individuals from various sectors of newsrooms, including photographers, designers, IT professionals, social media managers, and videographers. The main results indicate that seven out of ten respondents acknowledged their reliance on colleagues in newsrooms for success. Furthermore, the data suggest that there are no significant disparities among different professionals, with personal satisfaction emerging as the primary criterion for assessing the work quality. It is notable that almost twice as many women tend to indicate the low impact of the journalist on their work compared to male respondents. Moreover, most respondents stated that there is space for hybrid professionals in newsrooms.
- Interactivity and Neojournalism: a Professional PerspectivePublication . Canavilhas, João; De la Fuente, Manuel; Palomo, Bella; Palau-Sampio, Dolors; Llorca, Germán; Sánchez, MaríaOne of the concepts that have become the central axis of reflection and research on Internet is the notion of "interactivity”. This term refers to the specific journalist content- audience relationship and represents a relatively new theme in the literature on electronic mass media. Its novelty and relevance is explained by the evolution of these media, especially by the development of social networks and the possibilities of interaction that they have opened up. This interaction occurs not only with the news content proposed by journalists, but is also due to the position occupied by news professionals in the communication process: a transversal position that ranges from the emission to the distribution of the news story, as recent phenomena like the Arab spring ilIustrate. [...]
- Algorithms and communication: A systematized literature reviewPublication . García Orosa, Berta; Canavilhas, João; Vázquez Herrero, JorgeThe influence of algorithms on society is increasing due to their growing presence in all areas of daily life. Although we are not always aware of it, they sometimes usurp the identity of other social actors. The main purpose of this article is to address the meta-research on the field of artificial intelligence and communication from a holistic perspective that allows us to analyze the state of academic research, as well as the possible effects on these areas and on the democratic system. To this end, we carried out a systematized review of recent literature using quantitative and qualitative approaches. The subject analyzed is changing and novel: it includes the impact and interaction of algorithms, bots, automated processes, and artificial intelligence mechanisms in journalism and communication, as well as their effects on democracy. The results show expanding scientific production, mostly in English, based on theoretical discussion or focused on the perception of communication professionals. The object of study is centered mostly on journalism and democracy, and to a lesser degree on ethics or education. Studies indicate great interest in the effects of the use of algorithms on journalism and democracy, but the answers are still uncertain and the challenges for the coming years are significant
- Inteligência Artificial e Transparência no JornalismoPublication . Canavilhas, João; Biolchi, BárbaraA crise que afeta o jornalismo desde o início do século levou ao despedimento de milhares de jornalistas em todo o mundo. Para solucionar a falta de recursos humanos, muitos jornais recorreram à inteligência artificial (IA), mas a introdução de sistemas não humanos e pouco escrutináveis levantou novas questões relacionadas com a transparência do processo jornalístico, afetando a já frágil credibilidade dos media. Não havendo legislação relacionada com o uso da IA no jornalismo, os meios de comunicação têm publicado recomendações que orientem os seus profissionais. Neste trabalho analisamos dois documentos pioneiros, um do Estadão (Brasil) e outro da BBC (Reino Unido), que mostram a forma como estes media procuram ganhar a confiança dos consumidores, explicando de que forma usam a IA nas redações.
- Fake News Explosion in Portugal and Brazil the Pandemic and Journalists’ Testimonies on DisinformationPublication . Canavilhas, João; Jorge, Thaïs de MendonçaOrchestrated manipulations spread lies and can create an environment of uncertainty in society, leading to concerns from politicians, scholars, educators, and journalists, among others. In this paper we explore what the emergence of fake news (understood as false news) represents for journalists, trying to answer the following question: Does false news pose a threat to the credibility of good journalism, causing a disruption of the traditional work? To answer it, we interviewed a sample of journalists from various media organizations in Portugal and Brazil. Among the main findings, journalists are aware that fake news is a problem to be faced, as the blame for the dissemination of false news erroneously lies with the profession. They are conscious that something must be done and agree that the best way to fight against fake news is to invest in media literacy. Most of the journalists of our sample think they must be also more cautious to check sources for veracity and for political motivations. The results show that there is a resolve to reinforce the role of journalism in society
- Epistemology of mobile journalism: A reviewPublication . Canavilhas, JoãoThe fast and global way which has characterized the presence of mobile phones in society has sparked the interest of several sectors of activity, including journalism. From the early stages of production to distribution, and then through the characteristics of content and consumption patterns, numerous changes have been introduced by these mobile devices in an activity that has been undergoing one of the most uncertain moments in its long history. This uncertainty has stemmed from the decrease in income which was caused by the emergence of new competitors, such as the online press and social networks. This bibliographic review aims at identifying the changes caused by smartphones in the production distribution and consumption of news, analyzing its effect on the epistemology of journalism. We attempt to ascertain if the increasing influence of mobile technologies in the journalistic activity has changed its nature, improving the production of knowledge. Upon closer reading of the bibliography, it can be concluded that the versatility of mobile devices has facilitated a set of new possibilities not only for journalists, namely more autonomy and a reduction in the time spent between the event and the publication, but also for consumers, who can do a mobile and personalized consumption on their screens. Due to its ability to continuously adapt to the rhythm of contemporary society, mobile journalism has become more universal and has been confirmed as a form of knowledge insofar as it responds more effectively to consumers’ expectations, in particular young people’s, who are moving away from journalism and thus prevent the generational renewal of readers, something which is fundamental for the media business model.