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- Evaluation of allergic rhinitis and asthma control in a Portuguese community pharmacy settingPublication . Lourenço, Olga; Calado, Sofia; Sá-Sousa, Ana; Fonseca, JoãoBACKGROUND: Allergic rhinitis and asthma (ARA) are frequent respiratory diseases that often coexist, causing a high social and economic impact. It is important to maintain ARA disease control to reduce the disease burden. OBJECTIVE: To assess control in patients with 1 or both pathologies through the application of validated questionnaires at community pharmacies. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the pharmacies of the Portuguese county of Covilhã (located in the central region of Portugal with about 53,000 inhabitants). Subjects aged between 18 and 70 years who presented a prescription for an asthma and/or allergic rhinitis medication were invited to participate in the study by responding to a questionnaire that included the Control of Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma Test (CARAT). The CARAT is a validated tool to simultaneously assess the control of ARA with scores that range from 0 to 30 points, 0 meaning the worst and 30 meaning the best possible control of disease. RESULTS: Of the 224 participants, 58% were female and the median age was 48.5 years. The median CARAT score was 19 (mean = 17.8 ± 5136.4), and 87% of participants had a score < 25, indicating noncontrolled disease. Female participants, the elderly, and those with less school education responded with scores that demonstrated significantly less disease control. CONCLUSIONS: Using a simple self-assessment questionnaire, such as the CARAT, pharmacists can help identify patients with uncontrolled ARA disease, which is an important first step to change patients’ knowledge about their disease, with an ultimate goal of improving ARA outcomes.
- Patient‐centered digital biomarkers for allergic respiratory diseases and asthma: The ARIA‐EAACI approach – ARIA‐EAACI Task Force ReportPublication . Bousquet, Jean; Shamji, Mohamed; Anto, Josep M.; Schünemann, Holger; Canonica, Giorgio Walter; Jutel, Marek; Del Giacco, Stafano; Zuberbier, Torsten; Pfaar, Oliver; Fonseca, Joao A; Pinto, Bernardo Sousa; Pétré, Benoit; Pham‐Thi, Nhân; Puggioni, Francesca; Quirce, Santiago; Roche, Nicolas; Rouadi, Philip; Sousa, Ana Sá; Sagara, Hironori; Sastre, Joaquin; Scichilone, Nicola; Sheikh, Aziz; Sova, Milan; Ulrik, Charlotte Suppli; Taborda Barata, Luis; Todo-Bom, Ana; Torres, María Jose; Tsiligianni, Ioanna; Usmani, Omar; Valovirta, Erkka; Vasankari, Tuula; Vieira, Rafael José; Wallace, Dana; Waserman, Susan; Zidarn, Mihaela; Yorgancıoglu, Arzu; Zhang, Luo; Chivato, Tomás; Ollert, Markus; Klimek, Ludger; Czarlewski, Wienczyslawa; Bedbrook, Anna; Amaral, Rita; Ansotegui Zubeldia, Ignacio Javier; Bosnic-Anticevich, Sinthia; Braido, Fulvio; Loureiro, Cláudia Chaves; Gemicioglu, Bilun; Haahtela, Tari; Kulus, Marek; Kuna, Piotr; Kupczyk, Maciej; Matricardi, Paolo Maria; Regateiro, Frederico S.; Samoliński, Bolesław; Sofiev, Mikhail; Toppila-Salmi, Sanna; Valiulis, Arunas; Ventura, Maria Teresa; Bárbara, Cristina; Bergmann, Karl-Christian; Bewick, Michael; Blain, Hubert; Bonini, Matteo; Boulet, Louis-Philippe; Bourret, Rodolphe; Brusselle, Guy; Brussino, Luisa; Buhl, Roland; Cardona, Victoria; Casale, Thomas; Cecchi, Lorenzo; Charpin, Denis; Cherrez Ojeda, Ivan; Chu, Derek K; Cing, Cemal; Costa, Elísio; Cruz, Álvaro A.; Devillier, Philippe; Dramburg, Stephanie; Fokkens, Wytske; Gotua, Maia; Heffler, Enrico; Ispayeva, Zhanat; Ivancevich, Juan Carlos; Joos, Guy; Kaidashev, Igor; Kraxner, Helga; Kvedarienė, Violeta; Larenas Linnemann, Désirée; Laune, Daniel; Lourenço, Olga; Louis, Renaud; Mäkelä, Mika J.; Makris, Michael; Maurer, Marcus; Melén, Erik; Micheli, Yann; Almeida, Mário Morais; Mullol, Joaquim; Niedoszytko, Marek; O'Hehir, Robyn; Okamoto, Yoshitaka; Olze, Heidi; Papadopoulos, Nikolaos G.; Papi, Alberto; Patella, VincenzoBiomarkers for the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of patients with rhinitis and/ or asthma are urgently needed. Although some biologic biomarkers exist in specialist care for asthma, they cannot be largely used in primary care. There are no validated biomarkers in rhinitis or allergen immunotherapy (AIT) that can be used in clinical practice. The digital transformation of health and health care (including mHealth) places the patient at the center of the health system and is likely to optimize the practice of allergy. Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) and EAACI (European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology) developed a Task Force aimed at proposing patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) as digital biomarkers that can be easily used for different purposes in rhinitis and asthma. It first defined control digital biomarkers that should make a bridge between clinical practice, randomized controlled trials, observational real-life studies and allergen challenges. Using the MASK-air app as a model, a daily electronic combined symptom-medication score for allergic diseases (CSMS) or for asthma (e-DASTHMA), combined with a monthly control questionnaire, was embedded in a strategy similar to the diabetes approach for disease control. To mimic real-life, it secondly proposed quality-of- life digital biomarkers including daily EQ-5D visual analogue scales and the bi-weekly RhinAsthma Patient Perspective (RAAP). The potential implications for the management of allergic respiratory diseases were proposed.