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- Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks Services and Applications: Characterisation and Classification TaxonomiesPublication . Borges, Luís M.; Velez, Fernando José; Lebres, António S.Nowadays Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) users are becoming more exigent when choosing services for a certain WSN application. This paper describes the characteristics of WSN services and applications, splitting them into six main characteristics and each main characteristic is identified by specific parameters that identify the main characteristic. For each parameter a description is made in order to better understand how services are described and differentiate from each other and examples are given, referring the importance of these parameters in the services that are offered to the user. The gathering of all these parameters allowed us to sketch up taxonomy for the services in WSN regarding the applications, allowing the user to choose the application he/she wants based in these categories whilst identifying the services offered by the application. Future work will aim the detailed characterization of services offered to the main areas of WSNs considering these parameters and also on others parameters yet to be included.
- Overview of Progress in Smart-Clothing for Health Monitoring and Sport ApplicationsPublication . Borges, Luís M.; Rente, Andreia; Velez, Fernando José; Salvado, Luísa R.; Lebres, António S.Smart-Clothing is a project that combines research in textiles materials and wireless sensor and actuator networks in the context of human body monitoring with statistical methods for the data analysis and treatment. This project aims mainly to aid in the monitoring of the foetal movement in the last four weeks of pregnancy. Besides the integration of sensors in the garment there will be needed a hierarchical communication system that allows the delivery of the data collected from the garment that the pregnant is wearing to the doctor. The pregnant can be either at home or in the hospital. In the first stage of the project tests are being made using several types of sensors integrated in a belt in order to choose the one that is more reliable for the detection of foetal movement. Another sensing task is the manufacture of the electrodes for the electrocardiogram (ECG) system. At this point, the electrodes for the ECG are already made and working. The testing of the sensor for the detection of foetal movement is still being done.
- Radio‐frequency energy harvesting for wearable sensorsPublication . Borges, Luís M.; Chávez‐Santiago, Raul; Barroca, Norberto; Velez, Fernando José; Balasingham, IlangkoThe use of wearable biomedical sensors for the continuous monitoring of physiological signals will facilitate the involvement of the patients in the prevention and management of chronic diseases. The fabrication of small biomedical sensors transmitting physiological data wirelessly is possible as a result of the tremendous advances in ultra-low power electronics and radio communications. However, the widespread adoption of these devices depends very much on their ability to operate for long periods of time without the need to frequently change, recharge or even use batteries. In this context, energy harvesting (EH) is the disruptive technology that can pave the road towards the massive utilisation of wireless wearable sensors for patient self-monitoring and daily healthcare. Radio-frequency (RF) transmissions from commercial telecommunication networks represent reliable ambient energy that can be harvested as they are ubiquitous in urban and suburban areas. The state-of-the-art in RF EH for wearable biomedical sensors specifically targeting the global system of mobile 900/1800 cellular and 700 MHz digital terrestrial television networks as ambient RF energy sources are showcased. Furthermore, guidelines for the choice of the number of stages for the RF energy harvester are presented, depending on the requirements from the embedded system to power supply, which is useful for other researchers that work in the same area. The present authors' recent advances towards the development of an efficient RF energy harvester and storing system are presented and thoroughly discussed too.
- Taxonomy for Wireless Sensor Networks Services Characterisation and ClassificationPublication . Borges, Luís M.; Velez, Fernando José; Lebres, António S.Nowadays, the users of Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks (WSAN) are becoming more and more demanding in terms of choice and diversity of applications, and the identification of their characterization parameters is thus in order. This paper describes the WSAN characterization parameters and is an update of a previous work, but new parameters were added and new characteristics were proposed. The gathering of all these parameters allowed us to sketch up taxonomy for WSAN via an application-oriented approach, identifying the services offered by each application. For comparison purposes, tables with details from different projects in the field of WSAN are presented.