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- Using Learning Analytics to evaluate the quality of multiple-choice questions: a perspective with Classical Test Theory and Item Response TheoryPublication . Azevedo, José Manuel; Oliveira, Ema; Beites, P. D.Purpose The purpose of this paper is to find appropriate forms of analysis of multiple-choice questions (MCQ) to obtain an assessment method, as fair as possible, for the students. The authors intend to ascertain if it is possible to control the quality of the MCQ contained in a bank of questions, implemented in Moodle, presenting some evidence with Item Response Theory (IRT) and Classical Test Theory (CTT). The used techniques can be considered a type of Descriptive Learning Analytics since they allow the measurement, collection, analysis and reporting of data generated from students’ assessment. Design/methodology/approach A representative data set of students’ grades from tests, randomly generated with a bank of questions implemented in Moodle, was used for analysis. The data were extracted from a Moodle database using MySQL with an ODBC connector, and collected in MS ExcelTM worksheets, and appropriate macros programmed with VBA were used. The analysis with the CTT was done through appropriate MS ExcelTM formulas, and the analysis with the IRT was approached with an MS ExcelTM add-in. Findings The Difficulty and Discrimination Indexes were calculated for all the questions having enough answers. It was found that the majority of the questions presented values for these indexes, which leads to a conclusion that they have quality. The analysis also showed that the bank of questions presents some internal consistency and, consequently, some reliability. Groups of questions with similar features were obtained, which is very important for the teacher to develop tests as fair as possible. Originality/value The main contribution and originality that can be found in this research is the definition of groups of questions with similar features, regarding their difficulty and discrimination properties. These groups allow the identification of difficulty levels in the questions on the bank of questions, thus allowing teachers to build tests, randomly generated with Moodle, that include questions with several difficulty levels in the tests, as it should be done. As far as the authors’ knowledge, there are no similar results in the literature.
- Funcionamento psicológico positivo numa amostra portuguesa de estudantesPublication . Oliveira, Ema; Merino, María Dolores; Privado, Jesus; Almeida, Leandro S.Este estudo explora diferentes recursos pessoais associados ao bem-estar e funcionamento psicológico positivo de estudantes universitários portugueses, tomando na sua análise as variáveis área de curso e género. Foi aplicada a Escala de Funcionamento Psicológico Positivo (EFPP) a 1070 estudantes de diferentes cursos. Observa-se um efeito da interação do género e área científica em 5 dimensões da EFPP. O género diferencia Autonomia, Autoestima e Otimismo (pontuações mais favoráveis nos homens), enquanto a área científica diferencia Resiliência, Autoestima, Propósito na Vida, Desfrute e Otimismo (pontuações superiores nos estudantes de Saúde). Discutem-se implicações para a intervenção no contexto do Ensino Superior.
- The use of facebook in the teaching / learning process and its influence on engagement and academic performancePublication . Pereira, Vladi; Oliveira, EmaOne of the realities currently facing world-wide is the increasing use that students make of digital social networks in mobile devices, especially the social network Facebook. The potentialities that social networks present, such as sharing information involving topics addressed in the classroom, group study, the dissemination of the most diverse informative contents, the sharing of resources and social networks can allow the development of capacities and more dynamic and interactive teaching / learning strategies. Thus, it is thought that it is possible to better explore this space to promote student engagement and consequently improve academic performance. In recent years, several authors have presented approaches related to the use of the social network Facebook in school context, however, the results of the studies are still controversial. In the present work will be presented the state of the art on the use of Facebook in school in supporting the process of teaching/learning. The main idea is to present the most important thing to date on the subject, to analyze the methodological procedures used by other researchers and to identify the possible contradictory results. This will be divided in four sections: In the first section there will be an introduction on the subject under study. In the second one there will be a discretion of the methodology used for the selection of the works used. The third section deals with the main ideas of the authors consulted as well as the problems left open in the articles analyzed. In the fourth section will be presented the conclusions and bibliographical references.
- Escola inclusiva e sobredotaçãoPublication . Ramôa, Mónica Cristina Cerqueira; Oliveira, EmaA escola inclusiva aponta para a transformação da sociedade, isto é, para a construção de uma sociedade inclusiva. E uma sociedade inclusiva é aquela que acolhe em si a diversidade, que democratiza a diferença e valoriza a heterogeneidade. [...]
- Metaphor creation: A measure of creativity or intelligence?Publication . Barros, Débora Pereira; Primi, Ricardo; Miguel, Fabiano Koich; Almeida, Leandro S.; Oliveira, EmaThe goal of the present study was to verify whether the “Metaphor Creation Test” would really be a measure with unique characteristics of creativity, or a different way of evaluating constructs already known as intelligence. Two differentiated groups were considered: group 1 was comprised by 90 late course students, and group 2 included 73 undergraduate students from Architecture and Urbanism courses. The results showed lower correlation between metaphors production and abstract reasoning (r= .31) comparing with verbal reasoning test (r= .48). Correlations between the constructs reproduced what was already found in other studies, that is, intelligence and creativity are related, but not strongly enough to affirm that they are the same construct; therefore they are different but related constructs.
- Evaluating e-assessment: A practical application using statistical methodsPublication . Azevedo, José; Beites, P. D.; Oliveira, EmaThe use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in the assessment process is becoming an asset, giving rise to the so-called computer based assessment or e-assessment. Nowadays, its use is becoming more usual in Higher Education Institutions. Closed formats for questions, namely Multiple Choice, are the most commonly used. This chapter presents a literature review of the main aspects related to this topic, including the main modalities of assessment (Continuous Assessment, summative assessment and continuous assessment). Issues related to Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ) are discussed with more detail, referring to the various formats of MCQ, its advantages and limitations, with a particular focus on its use in mathematics tests. Also, some guidelines for the quality assurance of MCQ with quality are included.
- Promoção da criatividade como competência transversal no ensino superiorPublication . Barros, Lilian Débora de Oliveira; Oliveira, EmaUma das principais funções das instituições de ensino superior é a criação de oportunidades de formação adequadas às exigências profissionais na sociedade atual, onde os perfis se têm vindo a tornar mais ecléticos e instáveis ao longo do tempo. Por outro lado, im porta assegurar uma formação humanista e não circunscrita à promoção de aprendizagens de caráter utilitarista e pragmático no domínio científico de cada curso. Assim, a promoção de competências transversais junto dos estudantes constitui, também, uma im portante função, onde se destacam, entre outras, a criatividade e o pensamento crítico. Neste trabalho é apresentado um projeto de investigação enquadrado numa tese de douto ramento, o qual tem como principais objetivos: (1) analisar como a criatividade é contemplada em documentos formais de diferentes cursos do ensino superior português; (2) conhecer as perceções de estudantes e docentes sobre a criatividade e sua promoção nesse contexto, e; (3) identificar práticas utilizadas para o estímulo à criatividade no ensino su perior. Mais concretamente, apresenta-se um estudo exploratório inicial, centrado no primei ro objetivo enunciado. Para o efeito, foi realizado um levantamento e análise documen tal de uma amostra de cursos de licenciatura, com materiais disponíveis online, das 32 universidades públicas portuguesas. A análise incidiu sobre os objetivos e resultados de aprendizagem contemplados nos planos de estudo e respetivas Unidades Curriculares (UCs). Os resultados preliminares deste trabalho apontam para a promoção da criatividade em cursos da área das Ciências Sociais e Humanas, seguido dos cursos de Ciências Exatas e Engenharia. Até o momento não identificamos evidencias sobre a promoção da criatividade nos cursos da área das Ciências da Vida e da Saúde e das Ciências Naturais e do Ambiente.
- Establishing “excellence” in the Portuguese football refereePublication . Mendes, Sérgio; Travassos, Bruno; Oliveira, EmaWithin the development of sporting careers, there are several studies that show the importance of inner and contextual factors. According to several patterns, this development is associated with a long, ongoing and deliberate process. But in what concerns football referee, research on the topic is scarce. The aim of our study was to identify recognised factors to sustain excellence in football referee, exploit training conditions and the Portuguese football referee’s professional career development. Five semi-structured interviews were carried out with football referees and former referees who reached the category of international in football or futsal, adopting a transversal retrospective design. Results show that: a referee of excellence needs to gather a set of personal cognitive, physical and socioemotional skills; the significant interventions of the Portuguese Football Federation in what concerns training and positioning of the referees’ career, with the introduction of a National Training Plan and the amendments on the Football referee Regulation has had an impact on the geographical distribution of the referees from national frameworks and has contributed to the meteoric rising of some members; it isn’t ensured a training process in equal conditions to all the country’s referees in lower classes.
- Escala de Funcionamento Psicológico Positivo: Adaptação e Estudos Iniciais de Validação em Universitários PortuguesesPublication . Oliveira, Ema Patrícia de Lima ; Merino, María Dolores; Privado, Jesus; Almeida, Leandro S.A relevância da investigação centrada no bem-estar tem sido reforçada ao longo das últimas décadas, em especial após a emergência da Psicologia Positiva. Neste âmbito, é necessário investir na construção e validação de instrumentos adequados para avaliar as dimensões inerentes a um funcionamento psicológico saudável. Este estudo pretende adaptar e validar a Escala de Funcionamento Psicológico Positivo (EFPP; Merino & Privado, 2015) junto de uma amostra de universitários portugueses. Participaram no estudo 1131 estudantes de duas universidades, com média de idade de 19.6 anos. Além da EFPP, para efeitos de validade de critério foi aplicada a Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS; Diener et al., 1985). Os resultados evidenciam boas propriedades psicométricas da EFPP, tanto ao nível da fiabilidade como da validade. Dada a escassez de instrumentos de avaliação do funcionamento positivo que se tenham revelado satisfatórios no nosso país, a utilização desta escala poderá ser recomendada, particularmente com jovens universitários.