Time allocation and technology: a gender approach in the portuguese context

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[MOTIVO: TITULO REPETIDO] Relatório Final do Projeto Tempo e tecnologia: uma abordagem de género para o contexto português

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La maternité et l'allocation du temps au Portugal

Publication . Schouten, Maria Johanna Christina; Lourenço, Lia

Une grande majorité des femmes au Portugal perçoit la maternité comme un objectif principal de leurs vies, bien que le fait d’avoir des enfants demande beaucoup de sacrifices au niveau économique et de temps. Au Portugal, contrairement à d’autres pays européens et/ou méditerranéens, les femmes ne diminuent ou n’interrompent pas très longtemps leur activité professionnelle, normalement effectué à plein temps. Compte tenu de ce contexte spécifique, cet article présente et contextualise quelque données obtenues à l’aide d’un questionnaire appliqué dans deux régions différentes du Portugal: Braga et Castelo Branco. Il est sujet ici de 73 ménages, de l’allocation de temps des mères et des pères qui ont des enfants avec moins de 6 ans, et en particulier les diverses activités consacrées aux enfants. On constate que les mères dédient beaucoup plus de temps que les pères aux taches qui impliquent le soin des enfants et qu’elles le font de forme plus régulière et fréquente, pendant que le temps que les pères passent avec leurs enfants est concentré principalement dans le week-end et dédié plus aux activités «non essentielles» (comme jouer avec les enfants).

2012Book part

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Identidades de género: tempo e tecnologia no espaço doméstico

Publication . Schouten, Maria Johanna Christina

Neste texto é problematizado o desequilíbrio, por género, na participação em tarefas domésticas, assim como o grau de genderização de algumas dessas tarefas. Para a análise, será fulcral contemplar a questão da identidade de género, assumindo que essa se constrói, em parte, pela realização de certas atividades. Não só será considerado o tempo despendido nos diversos trabalhos, mas também o conjunto de estratégias adotadas, nomeadamente o recurso a equipamentos que servem para apressar, aliviar, agilizar ou alegrar as atividades desenvolvidas nesses períodos de tempo. O acesso às diversas tecnologias e o seu uso sofrem a influência do gender regime, ou seja, das relações de género existentes num certo meio, tal como uma família, escola ou país (Connell 2002). Em contrapartida, merece também atenção o efeito nas relações de género exercido pelo desenvolvimento recente das tecnologias, nomeadamente dos equipamentos eletrodomésticos, das tecnologias de informação e comunicação e dos meios de transporte existentes nas famílias.

2016Book part

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Stress e uso do tempo no espaço doméstico

Publication . Schouten, Maria Johanna Christina

Time-related stress is a biomedical condition with potentially serious consequences for the health of a person. As stated in this chapter, which is based on an overview of relevant literature, this stress, or the feeling of being rushed, derives from a shortage of time available for the activities which should be carried out. However, the inverse situation, a superabundance of time, may also cause stress. Social and cultural circumstances are crucial for the way an individual uses and perceives the time at his or her disposal. The articulation between a paid job and responsibilities in the private or domestic sphere may lead to specific forms of stress, but sometimes have positive effects. Since the requirements of household and care tasks in general are much heavier for women than for men, they take their toll especially on the physical and mental health of women.

2012Book part

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Undoing gender inequalities: insights from the Portuguese perspective

Publication . Schouten, Maria Johanna Christina

In Portugal and elsewhere in the world, the movement promoting gender equality has known advances and setbacks over the past century. While acknowledging and outlining the major favourable developments, this paper discusses mainly some tendencies in the opposite direction, in particular those that highlight and encourage, from an early age, differences between men and women, usually to the detriment of the latter. Examples in Portugal include the growing genderization of children’s toys and books (which in one case has triggered a widely-mediatized polemic in September 2017) and the importance of the colours pink and blue. After childhood, differences persist regarding choice of study, professional activities, salary and domestic responsibilities. In this respect, sociological research in Portugal has observed a backlash in the position of women, in particular as an effect of the financial and economic crisis in the period 2010-2014.

2019Journal article

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