| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Documento principal | 1.62 MB | Adobe PDF |
Authors
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Nas sociedades contemporâneas, os estilos de vida das populações têm vindo a modificar-se nas últimas décadas, o que se traduz em modelos de ocupação sedentários e padrões alimentares que favorecem o aumento do sobrepeso e da obesidade. Dados de estudos recentes na Europa colocam Portugal entre um dos países com maior prevalência de obesidade infantil, com elevada prevalência de sedentarismo e com reduzida prática de atividade física na vida quotidiana (OMS, 2004; Teixeira et al., 2008). Pretende-se com esta investigação estudar as capacidades motoras condicionais (flexibilidade, força média, força inferior e velocidade) de uma amostra de 1740 crianças, a frequentar o 2º ciclo do Ensino Básico, em duas escolas do concelho da Covilhã, durante 19 anos letivos, bem como analisar o efeito de caraterísticas individuais (idade, género e índice de massa corporal) no desenvolvimento diferenciado dessas capacidades motoras.
Os resultados mostraram a existência de capacidades motoras condicionais diferenciadas das crianças segundo a idade, género e o grau de obesidade. Assim, registou-se um ganho de flexibilidade, força média e força inferior e velocidade por parte dos alunos que frequentavam o 6º ano de escolaridade comparativamente com os alunos de 5º ano. Também se verificou que as meninas apresentaram, em média, valores de flexibilidade superiores ao dos rapazes. O contrário sucedeu para as capacidades motoras força média, força inferior e velocidade onde os rapazes apresentaram melhores performances. Constatou-se ainda que os alunos com baixo peso, sobrepeso ou obesidade apresentam um pior desempenho físico, comparativamente com os alunos com peso normal.
Relativamente ao estudo retrospetivo das capacidades motoras dos alunos, desde 1993 até 2012, verificamos que estes apresentam valores médios mais elevados da escala de flexibilidade nos períodos letivos iniciais de análise comparativamente aos anos letivos mais recentes, denotando assim uma tendência de diminuição da flexibilidade dos alunos entre os dois períodos. Para as capacidades físicas, força média e velocidade, não foi possível traçar uma tendência demarcada de evolução ao longo dos 19 anos letivos. No que diz respeito à força média, verificamos que os alunos do 5º ano de escolaridade apresentam valores mais elevados desta escala nos últimos anos letivos comparativamente com períodos letivos anteriores.
Os resultados do nosso estudo levam-nos a concluir que as capacidades motoras condicionais são influenciadas pelo índice de massa corporal, género e idade.
In contemporary societies, the lifestyles of people have been changing in recent decades, which is translated into sedentary models of occupation and eating patterns that favor the increase of overweight and obesity. Data from recent studies in Europe put Portugal among the countries with a higher prevalence of childhood obesity, with a high prevalence of sedentary lifestyle and reduced physical activity in everyday life (OMS, 2004, Teixeira et al., 2008). This research aims to study the conditional motor skills (flexibility, medium strength, lower strength and speed) of a sample of 1740 children attending the “2º ciclo do Ensino Básico” (2nd cycle of basic education) in two schools in the “Concelho da Covilhã” (County of Covilha), for 19 school years and analyze the effect of individual characteristics (age, gender and body mass index) in the development of these different motor skills. The results showed the existence of different conditional motor skills of children according to age, gender and degree of obesity. Thus, there was a gain in flexibility, medium strength, lower strength and speed on the part of students attending the 6th grade compared with students in the 5th grade. We also found that girls showed, on average, higher values of flexibility compared to the boys. The opposite happened for the medium strength, lower strength and speed in which the boys had better performances. It was further observed that students with underweight, overweight and obesity have a worse physical performance compared with students of normal weight. For the retrospective study of students motor skills, from 1993 to 2012, we verify that they had a higher average level of flexibility in initial academic periods of analysis compared to the most recent school years, thus denoting a downward trend in the flexibility of students between the two periods. For the physical abilities, medium strength and speed, it was not possible to draw a marked tendency over the 19 academic years. Regarding the medium strength, it was concluded that students in the 5th grade showed higher values of this scale in the last academic years compared to previous academic periods. The results of our study lead us to conclude that the conditional motor skills are influenced by body mass index, gender and age
In contemporary societies, the lifestyles of people have been changing in recent decades, which is translated into sedentary models of occupation and eating patterns that favor the increase of overweight and obesity. Data from recent studies in Europe put Portugal among the countries with a higher prevalence of childhood obesity, with a high prevalence of sedentary lifestyle and reduced physical activity in everyday life (OMS, 2004, Teixeira et al., 2008). This research aims to study the conditional motor skills (flexibility, medium strength, lower strength and speed) of a sample of 1740 children attending the “2º ciclo do Ensino Básico” (2nd cycle of basic education) in two schools in the “Concelho da Covilhã” (County of Covilha), for 19 school years and analyze the effect of individual characteristics (age, gender and body mass index) in the development of these different motor skills. The results showed the existence of different conditional motor skills of children according to age, gender and degree of obesity. Thus, there was a gain in flexibility, medium strength, lower strength and speed on the part of students attending the 6th grade compared with students in the 5th grade. We also found that girls showed, on average, higher values of flexibility compared to the boys. The opposite happened for the medium strength, lower strength and speed in which the boys had better performances. It was further observed that students with underweight, overweight and obesity have a worse physical performance compared with students of normal weight. For the retrospective study of students motor skills, from 1993 to 2012, we verify that they had a higher average level of flexibility in initial academic periods of analysis compared to the most recent school years, thus denoting a downward trend in the flexibility of students between the two periods. For the physical abilities, medium strength and speed, it was not possible to draw a marked tendency over the 19 academic years. Regarding the medium strength, it was concluded that students in the 5th grade showed higher values of this scale in the last academic years compared to previous academic periods. The results of our study lead us to conclude that the conditional motor skills are influenced by body mass index, gender and age
Description
Keywords
Índice de massa corporal - Adolescentes Obesidade - Adolescentes - Capacidades motoras Educação física - Adolescentes - Capacidades motoras