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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Introdução: A popularidade das dietas vegetarianas tem vindo a aumentar nos últimos
anos por diversos motivos.
No mundo desportivo, esta também tem crescido, com cada vez mais pessoas a aderir a
este estilo alimentar (e de vida).
Ainda não é totalmente compreendida a influência positiva ou negativa de uma dieta
vegetariana no rendimento desportivo e na saúde do atleta (recreativo ou profissional),
pois existem poucos estudos para objetivar esta questão. Por isso, este trabalho pretende
reunir as informações existentes relativas a este tópico e perceber se esta eclosão de dietas
vegetarianas poderá ter impacto positivo, negativo ou indiferente no rendimento
desportivo e na saúde dos atletas.
Objetivos: Avaliar a influência que uma dieta vegetariana pode ter na performance e
saúde de atletas profissionais e recreativos.
Métodos: Nesta revisão sistemática incluíram-se estudos que avaliassem a influência do
vegetarianismo na performance e saúde de atletas. Fez-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica na
PubMed de estudos publicados entre 2000 e setembro de 2021 sobre essa temática. Todos
os títulos e abstracts foram avaliados de forma independente por dois revisores. O risco
de viés foi avaliado segundo a “Revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials”.
Resultados: Atletas vegetarianos têm maior capacidade aeróbia, mas valores inferiores
de pico de força, ainda que estatisticamente as diferenças sejam irrelevantes. As análises
dos perfis de aminoácidos circulantes revelaram diferenças significativas tanto
quantitativamente como qualitativamente. Obtiveram-se valores inferiores de vitamina
B12, vitamina D e zinco nos grupos vegetarianos. A reação ao stress físico também se
revelou diferente entre grupos. A nível de auto perceção geral de saúde os vegetarianos
foram superiores aos omnívoros.
Discussão: A análise nutricional das dietas vegetarianas levanta a discussão de diversas
problemáticas como o défice de micronutrientes, qualidade de proteína e aporte de
hidratos de carbono. O défice de micronutrientes seria completamente expectável no
contexto de uma dieta restritiva de alguns grupos alimentares, como é o caso do
vegetarianismo. No entanto, este poderá ser colmatado com um plano de suplementação
específico para o atleta e tendo em conta o desporto que pratica. As quantidades de proteína obtidas por esta dieta, bem como a qualidade da mesma, podem constituir um
problema em desportos com necessidade de massa muscular e força elevadas, o que
também deve ser tido em conta no planeamento alimentar e de suplementação do atleta.
Esta dieta revela-se bastante benéfica em desportos de endurance onde os hidratos de
carbono ganham primazia em detrimento de outros nutrientes.
Conclusões: Os estudos avaliados denotam que a dieta vegetariana não é inferior e pode
mesmo ser benéfica na performance desportiva, mas devido à amostra reduzida e
variabilidade da mesma, mais estudos deverão ser feitos recorrendo a um modelo
estruturado de análise em atletas de elite, de modo que se obtenham conclusões mais
fiáveis.
Introduction: The popularity of vegetarian diets has been increasing in recent years for several reasons. In the sports world, it has also grown, with more and more people joining this lifestyle. The positive or negative influence of a vegetarian diet on sports performance and on the athlete's health (recreational or professional) is not yet fully understood, and few studies have been carried out to address this issue. Therefore, this work aims to gather the existing information on this topic and understand whether this outbreak of vegetarian diets can have a positive, negative, or indifferent impact on sports performance and the health of athletes. Objectives: To evaluate the influence that a vegetarian diet can have on the performance and health of professional and recreational athletes. Methods: This systematic review included studies that evaluated the influence of vegetarianism on the performance and health of athletes. We did research on PubMed to find studies published between 2000 and September 2021 on this topic. All titles and abstracts were independently evaluated by two reviewers. The risk of bias was assessed according to the “Revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials”. Results: Vegetarian athletes have higher aerobic capacity, but lower peak torque values, although these differences are irrelevant. Analyzes of circulating amino acid profiles revealed significant differences both quantitatively and qualitatively. Lower levels of vitamin B12, vitamin D and zinc were obtained in the vegetarian groups. The reaction to physical stress was also different between groups. In terms of general health selfperception, vegetarians were superior to omnivores. Discussion: Based on the nutritional analysis of vegetarian diets, topics such as micronutrient deficit, protein quality and carbohydrate intake are obtained. The micronutrient deficit would be completely expected in the context of a restrictive diet of food groups such as vegetarianism, this can be filled with a supplementation plan specific to the athlete and the sport. The protein quantities obtained by this diet, as well as its quality, can be a problem in sports with high muscle mass and strength requirements, something also to be taken into account in the athlete's food and supplementation planning. This diet proves to be very beneficial in endurance sports where carbohydrates take precedence over other nutrients. Conclusions: The studies evaluated show that the vegetarian diet is not inferior and can even be beneficial in sports performance, but due to the small sample size and variability, more studies should be carried out using a structured model of analysis in elite athletes to reach more reliable conclusions.
Introduction: The popularity of vegetarian diets has been increasing in recent years for several reasons. In the sports world, it has also grown, with more and more people joining this lifestyle. The positive or negative influence of a vegetarian diet on sports performance and on the athlete's health (recreational or professional) is not yet fully understood, and few studies have been carried out to address this issue. Therefore, this work aims to gather the existing information on this topic and understand whether this outbreak of vegetarian diets can have a positive, negative, or indifferent impact on sports performance and the health of athletes. Objectives: To evaluate the influence that a vegetarian diet can have on the performance and health of professional and recreational athletes. Methods: This systematic review included studies that evaluated the influence of vegetarianism on the performance and health of athletes. We did research on PubMed to find studies published between 2000 and September 2021 on this topic. All titles and abstracts were independently evaluated by two reviewers. The risk of bias was assessed according to the “Revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials”. Results: Vegetarian athletes have higher aerobic capacity, but lower peak torque values, although these differences are irrelevant. Analyzes of circulating amino acid profiles revealed significant differences both quantitatively and qualitatively. Lower levels of vitamin B12, vitamin D and zinc were obtained in the vegetarian groups. The reaction to physical stress was also different between groups. In terms of general health selfperception, vegetarians were superior to omnivores. Discussion: Based on the nutritional analysis of vegetarian diets, topics such as micronutrient deficit, protein quality and carbohydrate intake are obtained. The micronutrient deficit would be completely expected in the context of a restrictive diet of food groups such as vegetarianism, this can be filled with a supplementation plan specific to the athlete and the sport. The protein quantities obtained by this diet, as well as its quality, can be a problem in sports with high muscle mass and strength requirements, something also to be taken into account in the athlete's food and supplementation planning. This diet proves to be very beneficial in endurance sports where carbohydrates take precedence over other nutrients. Conclusions: The studies evaluated show that the vegetarian diet is not inferior and can even be beneficial in sports performance, but due to the small sample size and variability, more studies should be carried out using a structured model of analysis in elite athletes to reach more reliable conclusions.
Description
Keywords
Desporto Nutrição Performance Saúde Vegan Vegetarianismo