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Authors
Abstract(s)
A Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crónica, adiante designada DPOC, é uma das principais causas de
morbilidade crónica, de perda de qualidade de vida e de mortalidade em todo o mundo, sendo
atualmente considerada a sexta maior causa de morte a nível mundial.
A intervenção médica atual visa melhorar os sintomas e a qualidade de vida dos doentes, além
de tentar travar a progressão da doença. Nas situações mais graves, quando há insuficiência
respiratória crónica, pode ser necessária a utilização de oxigénio de forma contínua. Os
dispositivos de terapêutica atualmente existentes não conseguem fazer uma monitorização
contínua e personalizada para as necessidades de cada paciente. A falta de conhecimento da
dosagem de oxigénio que deve ser administrado não conduz à obtenção de resultados clínicos
ideais nem ao controlo sustentado dos sintomas, pelo que é de enorme relevância a adoção e o
desenvolvimento de metodologias que permitam a dosagem exata de oxigénio a cada instante,
de modo a prevenir o agravamento das sequelas da DPOC.
Nesta dissertação é realizada uma análise da resposta de um sistema de terapêutica assistida
para DPOC. O objetivo deste sistema reside no ajuste da pressão alveolar, PA, em diferentes
estádios da DPOC face à pressão de entrada, Pao. Pretende-se assim obter os valores que possam
ser impostos no sistema de controlo de um dispositivo de terapêutica assistida da DPOC para
adequar a pressão ambiente às necessidades de ventilação do paciente.
Chegou-se à conclusão que a forma mais eficaz de conseguir esse ajuste é através da utilização
de um controlador proporcional derivativo na malha de realimentação, para valores de Kd=0.83
e para valores de Kp muito próximos de zero, conseguindo assim verificar-se uma estabilização
dentro dos parâmetros adequados da pressão alveolar.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, hereinafter referred to as COPD, is one of the leading causes of chronic morbidity, loss of quality of life and mortality worldwide, and has been the leading cause of death worldwide. The current medical intervention aims to improve the symptoms and the quality of life of the patients, in addition to trying to stop the progression of the disease. In more severe situations, when there is chronic respiratory failure, the use of oxygen may be required continuously. Existing therapy devices are unable to provide continuous and personalized monitoring of each patient's needs. The lack of knowledge of the oxygen dosage that should be administered does not lead to optimal clinical results nor to the sustained control of symptoms, so it is extremely important to adopt and develop methodologies that allow accurate dosing of oxygen at any moment, in order to prevent the worsening of the sequelae of COPD. In this dissertation an analysis of the response of a system of assisted therapy for COPD is performed. The purpose of this system is to adjust the alveolar pressure, PA, at different stages of COPD against the inlet pressure, Pao. The aim is to obtain the values that can be imposed in the control system of an assisted therapy device of COPD in order to adjust the ambient pressure to the ventilation needs of the patient. It was concluded that the most effective way to achieve this adjustment is to use a proportional derivative controller in the feedback loop, for values of Kd = 0.83 and for values of Kp very close to zero, thus achieving a stabilization within the appropriate alveolar pressure parameters.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, hereinafter referred to as COPD, is one of the leading causes of chronic morbidity, loss of quality of life and mortality worldwide, and has been the leading cause of death worldwide. The current medical intervention aims to improve the symptoms and the quality of life of the patients, in addition to trying to stop the progression of the disease. In more severe situations, when there is chronic respiratory failure, the use of oxygen may be required continuously. Existing therapy devices are unable to provide continuous and personalized monitoring of each patient's needs. The lack of knowledge of the oxygen dosage that should be administered does not lead to optimal clinical results nor to the sustained control of symptoms, so it is extremely important to adopt and develop methodologies that allow accurate dosing of oxygen at any moment, in order to prevent the worsening of the sequelae of COPD. In this dissertation an analysis of the response of a system of assisted therapy for COPD is performed. The purpose of this system is to adjust the alveolar pressure, PA, at different stages of COPD against the inlet pressure, Pao. The aim is to obtain the values that can be imposed in the control system of an assisted therapy device of COPD in order to adjust the ambient pressure to the ventilation needs of the patient. It was concluded that the most effective way to achieve this adjustment is to use a proportional derivative controller in the feedback loop, for values of Kd = 0.83 and for values of Kp very close to zero, thus achieving a stabilization within the appropriate alveolar pressure parameters.
Description
Keywords
Dpoc Modelação do Sistema Respiratório Oxigenoterapia